Webb Monica S, Hendricks Peter S, Brandon Thomas H
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, USA.
Health Psychol. 2007 Sep;26(5):598-609. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.5.598.
Previous research (Webb, Simmons, & Brandon, 2005) suggested that smokers' reactions to self-help materials were more positive if they believed that the materials had been personally tailored to their individual characteristics and if they held expectancies that tailored interventions are superior to standard, or generic, interventions. The authors' objective in the current study was to replicate and extend this research by testing the efficacy expectancy priming before intervention delivery.
In a 2 x 2 factorial experiment, 210 smokers (M = 23 cigarettes/day) recruited from the community (62% female; 92% Caucasian; mean age = 49) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: placebo-tailored intervention/no priming, placebo-tailored intervention/priming, standard intervention/no priming, or standard intervention/priming. The tailoring-related expectancies of participants' in the priming conditions were primed before they were presented with the respective intervention booklets.
Content evaluations, readiness to quit smoking, cessation self-efficacy, smoking-related knowledge, and progress toward quitting (behavior changes). Assessments occurred by mail at baseline and at 1-month postintervention.
Similar to the earlier study, the placebo-tailored booklets produced superior evaluations and smoking-related cognitive and behavioral changes. Moreover, the pretreatment expectancy priming successfully altered participants' tailoring-related expectancies and also produced superior evaluations and outcomes.
Findings support a causal role of tailoring-related expectancies on the efficacy of tailored interventions and suggest that interventions can be enhanced via expectancy priming.
先前的研究（韦伯、西蒙斯和布兰登，2005年）表明，如果吸烟者认为自助材料是根据他们的个人特征量身定制的，并且他们期望量身定制的干预措施优于标准或通用干预措施，那么他们对自助材料的反应会更积极。作者在当前研究中的目标是通过在提供干预之前测试疗效期望启动来复制和扩展这项研究。
在一项2×2析因实验中，从社区招募的210名吸烟者（平均每天吸23支烟）（62%为女性；92%为白种人；平均年龄=49岁）被随机分配到4种条件中的一种：安慰剂量身定制干预/无启动、安慰剂量身定制干预/启动、标准干预/无启动或标准干预/启动。在向启动条件下的参与者提供各自的干预手册之前，启动他们与量身定制相关的期望。
内容评估、戒烟意愿、戒烟自我效能、吸烟相关知识以及戒烟进展（行为变化）。在基线和干预后1个月通过邮件进行评估。
与早期研究相似，安慰剂量身定制的手册产生了更好的评估以及与吸烟相关的认知和行为变化。此外，干预前的期望启动成功改变了参与者与量身定制相关的期望，也产生了更好的评估和结果。
研究结果支持与量身定制相关的期望在量身定制干预效果方面的因果作用，并表明可以通过期望启动来增强干预效果。
