Oleszczuk Patryk
Laboratory of Soil Reclamation and Waste Management, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Management, University of Agriculture, ul. Leszczyńskiego 7, Lublin, Poland.
Waste Manag. 2008;28(9):1645-53. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.016. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
Limitations relating to permissible standards of undesirable substances in sewage sludges make it necessary to optimize sludge properties. One of the methods to achieve the above goal is the use of a composting process. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of composts obtained from sewage sludges composted for 76 days. Dewatered sewage sludges were collected from the four wastewater treatment plants located in the south-eastern part of Poland (Kraśnik, Lublin, Biłgoraj and Zamość). The sludges were mixed with standard OECD soil at doses of 6% and 24%. Phytotoxkit (with Lepidium sativum) and ostracodtoxkit (with Heterocypris incongruens) tests were used to evaluate toxicity. The results obtained showed different toxicity of sewage sludge depending on the sludge dose and bioassay used. H. incongruens mortality ranged from 0% to 90% and depended on the sewage sludge. The greatest inhibition of test organism growth was noted at a level of 55%. In the case of the Phytotoxkit test, a clearly negative influence of the sewage sludges on seed germination was observed at a dose of 24%. Root growth inhibition was noted in the case of most sewage sludges and was at a level of 20-100%. The influence of the composting on the toxicity of biosolids also showed various trends depending on the sludge type. Sludge composting often resulted in a toxicity increase in relation to H. incongruens. In the case of plants (Phytotoxkit test) and most sewage sludges, however, the composting process influenced both the seed germination and root growth in a positive way.
与污水污泥中不良物质的允许标准相关的限制使得优化污泥特性成为必要。实现上述目标的方法之一是使用堆肥过程。本研究的目的是确定经76天堆肥处理的污水污泥所得到的堆肥的毒性。从位于波兰东南部的四个污水处理厂（克拉希尼克、卢布林、比尔戈拉伊和扎莫希奇）收集脱水污水污泥。将污泥与标准经合组织土壤按6%和24%的剂量混合。使用植物毒性试剂盒（以小萝卜为材料）和介形虫毒性试剂盒（以异形异足介为材料）测试来评估毒性。所获得的结果表明，根据污泥剂量和所使用的生物测定方法，污水污泥的毒性有所不同。异形异足介的死亡率在0%至90%之间，且取决于污水污泥。在55%的水平上观察到对测试生物生长的最大抑制。在植物毒性试剂盒测试中，在24%的剂量下观察到污水污泥对种子萌发有明显的负面影响。在大多数污水污泥的情况下都观察到了根生长抑制，抑制水平在20%至100%之间。堆肥对生物固体毒性的影响也因污泥类型而异，呈现出不同的趋势。污泥堆肥通常会导致相对于异形异足介的毒性增加。然而，对于植物（植物毒性试剂盒测试）和大多数污水污泥而言，堆肥过程对种子萌发和根生长都有积极影响。
