Adams C B, Steward M S, Morrison T L, Farquhar L C
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis.
Psychol Rep. 1991 Dec;69(3 Pt 1):823-9. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.823.
Male and female college students (N = 106) in the developmental stage of transition to young adulthood (mean age = 19.9 yr.) were asked to imagine themselves at midlife in three life settings: work, personal relationships/family, and leisure. For each setting they described themselves on the instrumental and expressive scales of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and on scales of agentic and communal competencies. Subjects anticipated more instrumental traits, more agentic competency, and less communal competency in work settings than in personal relationships, with no differences between men and women. Gender and setting interacted for expressiveness: women anticipated more expressive traits than men in personal relationships, with no difference in the other settings. The anticipated traits and competencies of these subjects were related more to setting than to gender. This may reflect a shift in the definition of sex-role boundaries in American culture.
处于向青年期过渡发育阶段的106名男女大学生（平均年龄 = 19.9岁）被要求想象自己处于中年时的三种生活场景：工作、人际关系/家庭和休闲。对于每种场景，他们根据《个人属性问卷》的工具性和表达性量表以及能动性和社群能力量表来描述自己。与人际关系相比，受试者预计在工作场景中会表现出更多的工具性特质、更强的能动性能力和较弱的社群能力，且男女之间无差异。在表达性方面，性别和场景存在交互作用：女性预计在人际关系中比男性表现出更多的表达性特质，在其他场景中则无差异。这些受试者预计的特质和能力更多地与场景有关，而非与性别有关。这可能反映了美国文化中性别角色界限定义的转变。
