Baldwin Carryl L
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jun;35(4):774-80. doi: 10.3758/bf03193314.
Seventeen participants performed a tone-pattern-matching task at different presentation levels while concurrently engaged in a simulated-driving task. Presentation levels of 60, 65, and 70 dBC (SPL) were combined factorially with tone-matching delays of 2, 3, and 4 sec. Intensity had no effect on performance in single-task conditions and short-delay conditions. However, when the participants were engaged concurrently in the driving task, a significant interaction between presentation level and delay was observed. In the longest delay condition, the participants performed the tone-pattern-matching task more efficiently (more quickly and without additional errors) as presentation intensity increased. These findings demonstrate the interaction between sensory and cognitive processes and point to a direct-intensity relationship where intensity affects the persistence of echoic memory. Implications for facilitating auditory processing and improving auditory interfaces in complex systems (i.e., transportation environments), particularly for older and hearing-impaired listeners, are discussed.
17名参与者在不同的呈现水平下执行音调模式匹配任务，同时参与模拟驾驶任务。60、65和70分贝声压级（SPL）的呈现水平与2、3和4秒的音调匹配延迟进行析因组合。在单任务条件和短延迟条件下，强度对表现没有影响。然而，当参与者同时参与驾驶任务时，观察到呈现水平和延迟之间存在显著的交互作用。在最长延迟条件下，随着呈现强度的增加，参与者执行音调模式匹配任务的效率更高（更快且无额外错误）。这些发现证明了感觉和认知过程之间的相互作用，并指出了一种直接强度关系，即强度影响回声记忆的持久性。文中讨论了这些发现对促进复杂系统（即交通环境）中的听觉处理和改善听觉界面的意义，特别是对老年人和听力受损者的意义。
