Walker Andrea C, Balk David E
Oral Roberts University, Department of Behavioral Sciences, 7777 South Lewis, Tulsa, OK 74171, USA.
Death Stud. 2007 Aug;31(7):633-52. doi: 10.1080/07481180701405188.
A qualitative, collective case study explores bereavement rituals in the Muscogee Creek tribe. Data from interviews with 27 participants, all adult members of the tribe, revealed consensus on participation in certain bereavement rituals. Common rituals included: (a) conducting a wake service the night before burial; (b) never leaving the body alone before burial; (c) enclosing personal items and food in the casket; (d) digging graves by hand; (e) each individual throwing a handful of dirt into the grave before covering, called giving a "farewell handshake"; (f) covering the grave completely by hand; (g) building a house over the grave; (h) waiting 4 days before burial; (i) using medicine/purification; and (j) adhering to socialized mourning period. Cultural values of family, community, religion, importance of the number 4, Indian medicine, and the meaning of death contributed to the development of these rituals.
一项定性的集体案例研究探讨了马斯库吉克里克部落的丧亲仪式。对27名参与者（均为该部落成年成员）的访谈数据显示，在参与某些丧亲仪式方面存在共识。常见仪式包括：(a) 在葬礼前一晚举行守灵仪式；(b) 在葬礼前绝不单独留下尸体；(c) 在棺材中放入个人物品和食物；(d) 手工挖掘坟墓；(e) 每个人在掩埋前向坟墓中扔一把土，称为进行“告别握手”；(f) 用手完全覆盖坟墓；(g) 在坟墓上建造一座房子；(h) 在葬礼前等待4天；(i) 使用药物/净化；以及(j) 遵守社会化的哀悼期。家庭、社区、宗教的文化价值观、数字4的重要性、印第安医学以及死亡的意义促成了这些仪式的形成。
