Isolation and characterization of phenanthrene-degrading strains Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 and Tistrella sp. ZP5.

Two bacteria strains Sphingomonas sp. strain ZP1 and Tistrella sp. strain ZP5 were identified as phenanthrene-degrading ones, based on Gram staining, oxydase reaction, biochemical tests, FAME analysis, G+C content and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. We isolated these two bacteria strains Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 and Tistrella sp. ZP5 from soil samples contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing waste from oil refinery field in Shanghai, China. Strain Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 was able to degrade naphthalene, phenanthrene, toluene, methanol and ethanol, salicylic acid and Tween 80. Moreover, it can remove nearly all the phenanthrene at 0.025% concentration in 8 days. Strain Tistrella sp. ZP5 cannot degrade phenanthrene individually but it can increase the speed of phenanthrene degradation together with ZP1. The growth conditions of strain Sphingomonas sp. ZP1 were optimized. The result also indicated that the degradation rate of phenanthrene ranged from 250 to 1000 ppm with strain ZP1 remained nearly the same, i.e., a high concentration of phenanthrene did not inhibit both the growth of microbial strains and the phenanthrene-degradation ability. Besides, the effect of non-ionic surfactants such as Brij 30, Triton X-100 and Tween 80 on the phenanthrene degradation was determined. Such two strains may be useful for bioremediation applications.