Prigatano George P, Gray Jennifer A, Gale Shawn D
Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2008 Jul;22(4):603-19. doi: 10.1080/13854040701440501.
Two studies were conducted to determine the frequency of processing speed difficulties relative to estimates of other problem-solving abilities in children with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two samples consisted of 213 normally functioning school-age children and 65 TBI children and 19 trauma controls. All children were administered the WISC-III/IV Vocabulary, Block Design, and Coding subtests. The frequency of children in each sample having a Coding subtest score of 3 or 4 scale points below the Vocabulary or Block Design score (whichever one was lower) was calculated. Using a 3-point scale difference, the presence of processing speed deficits relative to other cognitive abilities in the school sample was low (5.2%), and was equivalent to that demonstrated by trauma controls (5.3%). However, in the TBI sample, 18 out of 65 TBI patients (27.7%) showed this same pattern. Using a 4-point discrepancy scale, 3.3% of normal children and 16.9% of TBI children showed this pattern. The frequency of this pattern increased with severity of TBI, using two different but related classification systems. These preliminary findings require cross validation in a larger sample before definite conclusions can be reached.
开展了两项研究，以确定有创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和无创伤性脑损伤儿童在处理速度困难方面的频率，并与其他解决问题能力的评估结果进行比较。两个样本分别由213名正常学龄儿童、65名TBI儿童和19名创伤对照儿童组成。所有儿童均接受了韦氏儿童智力量表第三版/第四版（WISC-III/IV）的词汇、积木图案和译码子测试。计算了每个样本中译码子测试得分比词汇或积木图案得分（取较低者）低3或4个量表分的儿童的频率。以3分的量表差异来看，在校样本中相对于其他认知能力存在处理速度缺陷的比例较低（5.2%），与创伤对照儿童的比例相当（5.3%）。然而，在TBI样本中，65名TBI患者中有18名（27.7%）表现出相同的模式。以4分的差异量表来看，3.3%的正常儿童和16.9%的TBI儿童表现出这种模式。使用两种不同但相关的分类系统，这种模式的频率随着TBI严重程度的增加而上升。在得出明确结论之前，这些初步发现需要在更大的样本中进行交叉验证。
