Ricciardelli Paola, Driver Jon
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Mar;61(3):491-504. doi: 10.1080/17470210701255457.
Several past studies have considered how perceived head orientation may be combined with perceived gaze direction in judging where someone else is attending. In three experiments we tested the impact of different sources of information by examining the role of head orientation in gaze-direction judgements when presenting: (a) the whole face; (b) the face with the nose masked; (c) just the eye region, removing all other head-orientation cues apart from some visible part of the nose; or (d) just the eyes, with all parts of the nose masked and no head orientation cues present other than those within the eyes themselves. We also varied time pressure on gaze direction judgements. The results showed that gaze judgements were not solely driven by the eye region. Gaze perception can also be affected by parts of the head and face, but in a manner that depends on the time constraints for gaze direction judgements. While "positive" congruency effects were found with time pressure (i.e., faster left/right judgements of seen gaze when the seen head deviated towards the same side as that gaze), the opposite applied without time pressure.
过去有几项研究探讨了在判断他人的注意力指向时，如何将感知到的头部朝向与感知到的注视方向相结合。在三个实验中，我们通过在呈现以下情况时考察头部朝向在注视方向判断中的作用，来测试不同信息来源的影响：(a) 完整的面部；(b) 鼻子被遮住的面部；(c) 仅眼部区域，去除除了鼻子可见部分之外的所有其他头部朝向线索；或者 (d) 仅眼睛，鼻子的所有部分都被遮住，除了眼睛本身内部的线索外没有其他头部朝向线索。我们还改变了注视方向判断的时间压力。结果表明，注视判断并非仅由眼部区域驱动。注视感知也会受到头部和面部其他部分的影响，但方式取决于注视方向判断的时间限制。当有时间压力时（即当看到的头部朝着与注视相同的一侧偏离时，对看到的注视进行更快的左右判断），会发现“正向”一致性效应，而在没有时间压力时则相反。
