Palanica Adam, Itier Roxane J
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Vis cogn. 2014 Jan 1;22(9-10):1216-1232. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2014.990545.
Visual search tasks support a special role for direct gaze in human cognition, while classic gaze judgment tasks suggest the congruency between head orientation and gaze direction plays a central role in gaze perception. Moreover, whether gaze direction can be accurately discriminated in the periphery using covert attention is unknown. In the present study, individual faces in frontal and in deviated head orientations with a direct or an averted gaze were flashed for 150 ms across the visual field; participants focused on a centred fixation while judging the gaze direction. Gaze discrimination speed and accuracy varied with head orientation and eccentricity. The limit of accurate gaze discrimination was less than ±6° eccentricity. Response times suggested a processing facilitation for direct gaze in fovea, irrespective of head orientation, however, by ±3° eccentricity, head orientation started biasing gaze judgments, and this bias increased with eccentricity. Results also suggested a special processing of frontal heads with direct gaze in central vision, rather than a general congruency effect between eye and head cues. Thus, while both head and eye cues contribute to gaze discrimination, their role differs with eccentricity.
视觉搜索任务支持直接注视在人类认知中发挥特殊作用，而经典的注视判断任务表明头部方向与注视方向之间的一致性在注视感知中起着核心作用。此外，利用隐蔽注意能否在视野边缘准确辨别注视方向尚不清楚。在本研究中，将具有直接或回避注视的正面和头部偏离方向的个体面部在整个视野中闪烁150毫秒；参与者在判断注视方向时专注于中心注视点。注视辨别速度和准确性随头部方向和偏心率而变化。准确注视辨别的极限偏心率小于±6°。反应时间表明，无论头部方向如何，中央凹对直接注视都有加工促进作用，然而，在±3°偏心率时，头部方向开始影响注视判断，并且这种影响随着偏心率的增加而增大。结果还表明，在中央视觉中，直接注视的正面头部存在特殊加工，而不是眼睛和头部线索之间的一般一致性效应。因此，虽然头部和眼睛线索都有助于注视辨别，但它们的作用随偏心率而不同。
