Hutchison Keith A, Balota David A, Cortese Michael J, Watson Jason M
Dept. of Psychology, 304 Traphagen Hall, College of Letters and Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3440, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Jul;61(7):1036-66. doi: 10.1080/17470210701438111.
The current study explores a set of variables that have the potential to predict semantic priming effects for 300 prime-target associates at the item level. Young and older adults performed either lexical decision (LDT) or naming tasks. A multiple regression procedure was used to predict priming based upon prime characteristics, target characteristics, and prime-target semantic similarity. Results indicate that semantic priming (a) can be reliably predicted at an item level; (b) is equivalent in magnitude across standardized measures of priming in LDTs and naming tasks; (c) is greater following quickly recognized primes; (d) is greater in LDTs for targets that produce slow lexical decision latencies; (e) is greater for pairs high in forward associative strength across tasks and across stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs); (f) is greater for pairs high in backward associative strength in both tasks, but only at a long SOA; and (g) does not vary as a function of estimates from latent semantic analysis (LSA). Based upon these results, it is suggested that researchers take extreme caution in comparing priming effects across different item sets. Moreover, the current findings lend support to spreading activation and feature overlap theories of priming, but do not support priming based upon contextual similarity as captured by LSA.
本研究探讨了一组有可能在项目层面预测300对启动-目标关联词语义启动效应的变量。年轻和年长的成年人执行了词汇判断任务（LDT）或命名任务。采用多元回归程序，根据启动词特征、目标词特征以及启动词-目标词语义相似度来预测启动效应。结果表明，语义启动效应：（a）在项目层面能够得到可靠预测；（b）在LDT和命名任务中，标准化启动效应测量的量级相当；（c）在快速识别的启动词之后更大；（d）对于产生较慢词汇判断潜伏期的目标词，在LDT中启动效应更大；（e）在不同任务和不同刺激呈现间隔（SOA）条件下，正向联想强度高的词对启动效应更大；（f）在两项任务中，反向联想强度高的词对启动效应更大，但仅在长SOA条件下；（g）不随潜在语义分析（LSA）的估计值而变化。基于这些结果，建议研究人员在比较不同项目集的启动效应时要格外谨慎。此外，当前研究结果支持启动效应的扩散激活理论和特征重叠理论，但不支持基于LSA所捕捉的语境相似度的启动效应。
