Stewart Neil, Morin Caroline
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Oct;60(10):1337-46. doi: 10.1080/17470210701480444.
In exemplar models of categorization, the similarity between an exemplar and category members constitutes evidence that the exemplar belongs to the category. We test the possibility that the dissimilarity to members of competing categories also contributes to this evidence. Data were collected from two 2-dimensional perceptual categorization experiments, one with lines varying in orientation and length and the other with coloured patches varying in saturation and brightness. Model fits of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model were used to compare a model where only similarity was used with a model where both similarity and dissimilarity were used. For the majority of participants the similarity-dissimilarity model provided both a significantly better fit and better generalization, suggesting that people do also use dissimilarity as evidence.
在分类的范例模型中，一个范例与类别成员之间的相似性构成了该范例属于该类别的证据。我们测试了与竞争类别成员的不相似性也有助于提供这一证据的可能性。数据来自两个二维感知分类实验，一个实验中的线条在方向和长度上有所变化，另一个实验中的彩色斑块在饱和度和亮度上有所变化。使用相似性-不相似性广义上下文模型的模型拟合来比较仅使用相似性的模型和同时使用相似性和不相似性的模型。对于大多数参与者来说，相似性-不相似性模型提供了显著更好的拟合和更好的泛化能力，这表明人们确实也将不相似性用作证据。
