Kalisińska Elzbieta, Salicki Wiesław, Kavetska Katarzyna M, Ligocki Marek
Department of Zoology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, 20 Doktora Judyma St., 71-466 Szczecin, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Dec 15;388(1-3):90-103. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.050. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
Bones and cartilage of two species of diving ducks: the scaup Aythya marila (n=24) and the pochard A. ferina (n=24) were studied. Scaup is protected in Poland where it spends only the winter, while pochard is a game bird, abundant and breeding in Poland. In winter, the two species form large flocks off the southern coast of the Baltic, particularly in the Szczecin Lagoon where they were collected for this study. The bones and cartilage (trachea) were assayed for concentrations (dry weight-based) of three essential metals: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn); concentrations of the two toxic metals: lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were assayed as well. These hard tissues of the two species showed the following order of metal concentrations Zn>Fe>Pb>Cu>Cd. In scaup and pochard bones, the respective geometric mean concentrations of Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Cd were 94.4 and 102.0; 20.2 and 24.7; 6.2 and 9.6; 0.19 and 0.26; 0.114 and 0.162 mg/kg. The levels of all the metals in cartilage (Zn 149.1 and 165.8; Fe 58.4 and 116.3; Pb 10.6 and 14.9; Cu 1.41 and 3.31; Cd 0.144 and 0.175 mg/kg, respectively) were higher than in the bones of A. marila and A. ferina. However, statistically significant differences were found in respect to the essential metals only (Zn, Fe, Cu). The inter-species comparisons showed the two species to differ in their cartilage concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd and in their bone concentrations of Pb and Cd. In each case, the pochard exhibited higher concentrations of metals. This study showed distinct differences between trace element accumulation by two heavily mineralised avian body parts: leg bones (tarsometatarsus) and cartilage (trachea). The results are in agreement with data reported by other workers who analysed trace metals in cartilaginous and bone components of the femoral head in homoiotherm vertebrates, including humans. Therefore it is important that intra- and inter-species comparisons of hard biological components be based on corresponding body parts, and that relevant biochemical and ecotoxicological research be pursued.
斑背潜鸭（Aythya marila，n = 24）和赤颈鸭（A. ferina，n = 24）。斑背潜鸭在波兰受到保护，仅在波兰过冬，而赤颈鸭是一种猎禽，在波兰数量众多且在此繁殖。冬季，这两种鸭在波罗的海南岸形成大群，尤其是在什切青泻湖，本研究的样本就是在此采集的。对骨骼和软骨（气管）中三种必需金属的浓度（基于干重）进行了测定：铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）；同时也测定了两种有毒金属铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）的浓度。这两种鸭的这些硬组织中金属浓度呈现以下顺序：Zn>Fe>Pb>Cu>Cd。在斑背潜鸭和赤颈鸭的骨骼中，Zn、Fe、Pb、Cu和Cd各自的几何平均浓度分别为94.4和102.0；20.2和24.7；6.2和9.6；0.19和0.26；0.114和0.162毫克/千克。软骨中所有金属的含量（Zn分别为149.1和165.8；Fe分别为58.4和116.3；Pb分别为10.6和14.9；Cu分别为1.41和3.31；Cd分别为0.144和0.175毫克/千克）均高于斑背潜鸭和赤颈鸭的骨骼。然而，仅在必需金属（Zn、Fe、Cu）方面发现了统计学上的显著差异。种间比较表明，这两种鸭在软骨中Fe、Cu、Zn和Cd的浓度以及骨骼中Pb和Cd的浓度存在差异。在每种情况下，赤颈鸭的金属浓度都更高。本研究表明，两种高度矿化的鸟类身体部位（腿骨（跗跖骨）和软骨（气管））在微量元素积累方面存在明显差异。研究结果与其他研究人员报告的数据一致，这些研究人员分析了包括人类在内的恒温脊椎动物股骨头软骨和骨成分中的痕量金属。因此，重要的是，硬生物成分的种内和种间比较应基于相应的身体部位，并开展相关的生物化学和生态毒理学研究。
