Raiz Lisa, Monroe Jacquelyn
College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Soc Work Health Care. 2007;45(3):19-37. doi: 10.1300/J010v45n03_02.
Employment following renal transplantation has been lower than predicted at the time of the original end-stage renal disease (ESRD) legislation more than 30 years ago. This paper uses the biopsychosocial model to identify predictors of employment for 411 individuals transplanted at a single, large Midwestern academic center. Less than 50% of respondents reported part-time or full-time employment post-transplant. Factors found to predict employment were age at the time of transplant, race, sex, and patient perception of physical functioning. Individuals who were younger when transplanted, Caucasian, and males were more likely to be employed full-time following transplantation as were those who perceived themselves to have a higher level of physical functioning. No biological factors, including serum creatinine, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and diabetic status, were significant predictors of employment. The biopsychosocial model is used to discuss the implications of these findings for post-transplant employment and social work intervention.
肾移植后的就业情况一直低于30多年前最初的终末期肾病（ESRD）立法时的预期。本文采用生物心理社会模型，对在中西部一个大型学术中心接受移植的411名个体的就业预测因素进行了识别。不到50%的受访者报告移植后有兼职或全职工作。发现的预测就业的因素包括移植时的年龄、种族、性别以及患者对身体功能的感知。移植时年龄较小、为白种人、男性以及那些认为自己身体功能水平较高的个体，移植后更有可能全职就业。包括血清肌酐、平均动脉压（MAP）和糖尿病状态在内的生物学因素，均不是就业的显著预测因素。本文运用生物心理社会模型讨论了这些研究结果对移植后就业和社会工作干预的意义。
