Ritchie B W, Niagro F D, Latimer K S, Steffens W L, Pesti D, Ancona J, Lukert P D
Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Am J Vet Res. 1991 Nov;52(11):1804-9.
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus was recovered from the feces and crop washings from various species of psittacine birds diagnosed with PBFD. High concentrations of the virus also could be demonstrated in feather dust collection from a room where 22 birds with active cases of PBFD were being housed. The virions recovered from the feces, crop, and feather dust were confirmed to be PBFD virus by ultrastructural, physical, or antigenic characteristics. Virus recovered from the feather dust and feces hemagglutinated cockatoo erythrocytes. The specificity of the agglutination was confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition, using rabbit antibodies against PBFD virus. During the test period, 26% (8 of 31) of the birds screened were found to be excreting PBFD virus in their feces, and 21% (3 of 14) of crop washings were positive for PBFD virus. Some birds in the sample group had active cases of diarrhea, whereas others had normal-appearing feces. Diarrhea was found to be the only significant indicator of whether a bird was likely to be excreting virus from the digestive tract. These findings suggest that exposure of susceptible birds to PBFD virus may occur from contact with contaminated feather dust, feces, or crop secretions. Viral particles that were morphologically similar to parvovirus (20- to 24 nm-icosahedral nonenveloped virions) also were recovered from feces of some of the birds.
从诊断患有鹦鹉喙羽病（PBFD）的各种鹦鹉鸟类的粪便和嗉囊冲洗液中分离出了PBFD病毒。在一间饲养着22只PBFD活跃病例鸟的房间收集的羽尘中也能检测到高浓度的该病毒。通过超微结构、物理或抗原特性证实，从粪便、嗉囊和羽尘中分离出的病毒粒子为PBFD病毒。从羽尘和粪便中分离出的病毒使葵花凤头鹦鹉红细胞发生凝集。使用抗PBFD病毒的兔抗体通过血凝抑制试验证实了凝集的特异性。在测试期间，发现被筛查的鸟类中有26%（31只中的8只）粪便中排出PBFD病毒，21%（14只中的3只）的嗉囊冲洗液中PBFD病毒呈阳性。样本组中的一些鸟有腹泻的活跃病例，而其他鸟的粪便外观正常。腹泻被发现是鸟类是否可能从消化道排出病毒的唯一重要指标。这些发现表明，易感鸟类可能通过接触受污染的羽尘、粪便或嗉囊分泌物而接触到PBFD病毒。从一些鸟的粪便中还分离出了形态与细小病毒相似的病毒颗粒（20至24纳米的二十面体无包膜病毒粒子）。
