St Peters M, Fitch M, Huston A C, Wright J C, Eakins D J
University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
Child Dev. 1991 Dec;62(6):1409-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01614.x.
A sample of 271 3- and 5-year-olds and their families participated in a 2-year longitudinal study of television viewing patterns. 5 1-week diaries for all family members were collected at 6-month intervals. Programs were categorized as: (1) child informative, (2) child entertainment, (3) news and informative, (4) sports, (5) comedy, (6) drama, (7) action-adventure, and (8) variety-game. The majority of child programs were viewed without parents, while the majority of adult programs were watched with parents. Coviewing patterns of adult programs were predicted from parents' individual viewing habits, but not from the child's. Coviewing declined with age. Parental encouragement and regulation of viewing were orthogonal. Children whose parents encouraged viewing watched more child informative programming; children of restrictive parents watched less entertainment programming. Encouraging parents coviewed more than nonencouraging parents. Results support the assertion that parental viewing preferences, habits, and orientations toward television influence children's viewing, both with and without parents.
271名3岁和5岁儿童及其家庭参与了一项为期两年的电视观看模式纵向研究。每隔6个月收集一次所有家庭成员的5份为期1周的日记。节目被分类为：(1)儿童信息类，(2)儿童娱乐类，(3)新闻和信息类，(4)体育类，(5)喜剧类，(6)剧情类，(7)动作冒险类，以及(8)综艺游戏类。大多数儿童节目是在没有父母陪伴的情况下观看的，而大多数成人节目是在有父母陪伴的情况下观看的。成人节目的共同观看模式是由父母的个人观看习惯预测的，而不是由孩子的观看习惯预测的。共同观看随着年龄的增长而减少。父母对观看的鼓励和监管是不相关的。父母鼓励观看的孩子观看了更多的儿童信息类节目；限制型父母的孩子观看的娱乐节目较少。鼓励型父母比不鼓励型父母共同观看的更多。研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即父母的观看偏好、习惯以及对电视的态度会影响孩子在有父母陪伴和没有父母陪伴时的观看行为。
