Koff R S
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Nov 15;26(10):1285-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03517.x. Epub 2007 Sep 15.
Viral hepatitis is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. In the past 25 years, vaccines have become available for two of the five hepatitis viruses, and, where implemented, vaccination has become a key component of hepatitis prevention.
To provide an update on recent advances in the use of current hepatitis vaccines and to examine progress in the development of vaccines for the remaining hepatitis viruses.
A Medline search was undertaken to identify the recent relevant literature. Search terms included hepatitis vaccines, hepatitis vaccination and hepatitis A-E vaccines.
Dramatic vaccine-induced declines in the incidence of both hepatitis A and B have occurred in the USA. Strategies to integrate hepatitis A vaccine into universal childhood immunization are being adopted. Similarly, strategies with the goal of eliminating transmission of hepatitis B have been promulgated. A vaccine for hepatitis E has been reported to be effective and safe, but progress in the development of vaccines for hepatitis C and D has been limited.
During the next few decades, the goals of eliminating hepatitis A and B virus transmission may be reached in the USA and elsewhere.
病毒性肝炎是全球最常见的肝脏疾病病因。在过去25年里，已有针对五种肝炎病毒中两种的疫苗可供使用，并且在疫苗得到应用的地方，疫苗接种已成为肝炎预防的关键组成部分。
提供有关当前肝炎疫苗使用方面近期进展的最新情况，并审视针对其余肝炎病毒的疫苗研发进展。
进行了一项医学文献数据库（Medline）检索，以识别近期相关文献。检索词包括肝炎疫苗、肝炎疫苗接种以及甲型至戊型肝炎疫苗。
在美国，疫苗接种已使甲型和乙型肝炎的发病率显著下降。将甲型肝炎疫苗纳入儿童常规免疫的策略正在被采用。同样，已颁布旨在消除乙型肝炎传播的策略。据报道，一种戊型肝炎疫苗有效且安全，但丙型和丁型肝炎疫苗的研发进展有限。
在未来几十年里，美国及其他地区可能实现消除甲型和乙型肝炎病毒传播的目标。
