Wolf Joshua, Daley Andrew J
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital and The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2007 Sep;8(3):204-10, quiz 210-1. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2007.08.002. Epub 2007 Sep 6.
Whilst childhood immunization programmes have had an impact on the spectrum of pneumonic diseases seen in children, bacteria remain an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), particularly in younger and debilitated children. Because of the difficulty in obtaining lower respiratory tract specimens in children, specific diagnosis has often been difficult, although advances in diagnostic techniques have provided a much greater range of tools for the clinician. The challenge is to understand the application and limitation of these tests in the diagnosis of LRTI. This review examines the microbiological and diagnostic issues around Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis and enteric Gram negative pathogens.
尽管儿童免疫规划已对儿童肺炎疾病谱产生影响，但细菌仍是下呼吸道感染（LRTI）的重要病因，尤其是在年幼及体弱儿童中。由于难以获取儿童的下呼吸道标本，尽管诊断技术的进步为临床医生提供了更多工具，但特异性诊断往往仍很困难。挑战在于了解这些检测在LRTI诊断中的应用及局限性。本综述探讨了围绕肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌及肠道革兰氏阴性病原体的微生物学及诊断问题。
