Torres Susan J, Nowson Caryl A
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Nutrition. 2007 Nov-Dec;23(11-12):887-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.008. Epub 2007 Sep 17.
Stress is thought to influence human eating behavior and has been examined in animal and human studies. Our understanding of the stress-eating relation is confounded by limitations inherent in the study designs; however, we can make some tentative conclusions that support the notion that stress can influence eating patterns in humans. Stress appears to alter overall food intake in two ways, resulting in under- or overeating, which may be influenced by stressor severity. Chronic life stress seems to be associated with a greater preference for energy- and nutrient-dense foods, namely those that are high in sugar and fat. Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that chronic life stress may be causally linked to weight gain, with a greater effect seen in men. Stress-induced eating may be one factor contributing to the development of obesity. Future studies that measure biological markers of stress will assist our understanding of the physiologic mechanism underlying the stress-eating relation and how stress might be linked to neurotransmitters and hormones that control appetite.
压力被认为会影响人类的饮食行为，并且已经在动物和人类研究中得到检验。我们对压力与饮食关系的理解因研究设计中固有的局限性而受到混淆；然而，我们可以得出一些初步结论，支持压力会影响人类饮食模式这一观点。压力似乎通过两种方式改变总体食物摄入量，导致进食不足或过量，这可能受压力源严重程度的影响。慢性生活压力似乎与对能量和营养密集型食物（即高糖和高脂肪食物）有更大偏好有关。纵向研究的证据表明，慢性生活压力可能与体重增加存在因果关系，在男性中这种影响更为明显。压力诱导的进食可能是导致肥胖的一个因素。未来测量压力生物标志物的研究将有助于我们理解压力与饮食关系背后的生理机制，以及压力如何与控制食欲的神经递质和激素相联系。
