Changing patterns of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis drug use in an academic anesthesia practice.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To characterize the evolution of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylactic drug use.

DESIGN

Retrospective data extraction and analysis of electronic anesthesia records.

SETTING

Anesthesia department of an urban academic medical center.

MEASUREMENTS

144,134 anesthetics given by 57 attending anesthesiologists were studied. Administered doses of droperidol, ondansetron, dexamethasone, and metoclopramide were tabulated for each year for each practitioner.

MAIN RESULTS

Ondansetron use in the periods before and after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning concerning droperidol was 8% and 35%, respectively. Use of PONV prophylaxis increased for all included patient and anesthetic factors. Among those who used droperidol before the revised FDA warning, 61% stopped using it altogether. Afterwards, 75% (27-100%) of droperidol use was in combination with another agent.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a significant and sustained decrease in droperidol use after the FDA-mandated labeling revision. We also found a significant increase in ondansetron use--an increase that exceeded the amount needed to substitute for the decreased droperidol use. The changes may be related to multiple factors, including the FDA warning, a trend toward more PONV prophylaxis, and the increasing predominance of serotonin antagonists for this indication.