Roa Juan, Aguilar Enrique, Dieguez Carlos, Pinilla Leonor, Tena-Sempere Manuel
Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2008 Jan;29(1):48-69. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Aug 11.
Identification, in late 2003, of inactivating mutations of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 as causative factor for absence of puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice was a major breakthrough in modern Neuroendocrinology, and drew considerable interest on the characterization of the roles of this receptor and its ligands (kisspeptins, encoded by the KiSS-1 gene) in the physiological control of essential facets of reproduction. After 3 years of intense research activity, kisspeptins are universally recognized as essential activators of the gonadotropic axis, with key roles in puberty onset and the control of gonadotropin secretion. While these fundamental functions are now well settled, novel aspects of kisspeptin/GPR54 physiology have emerged, including their involvement in the neuroendocrine control of ovulation and the metabolic gating of reproductive function. In addition, the 'comparative endocrinology' of this system has begun to be explored recently. These facets of kisspeptin/GPR54 function, as fundamental gatekeepers of reproduction, will be comprehensively reviewed herein.
2003年末，人们发现G蛋白偶联受体GPR54的失活突变是导致人类和小鼠青春期缺失及低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退的病因，这是现代神经内分泌学的一项重大突破，并引发了人们对该受体及其配体（由KiSS-1基因编码的 kisspeptins）在生殖重要方面生理控制中作用的广泛关注。经过3年的深入研究，kisspeptins已被普遍认为是促性腺轴的必需激活剂，在青春期启动和促性腺激素分泌控制中起关键作用。虽然这些基本功能现已明确，但kisspeptin/GPR54生理学的新方面已逐渐显现，包括它们参与排卵的神经内分泌控制以及生殖功能的代谢调节。此外，该系统的“比较内分泌学”最近也已开始探索。本文将全面综述kisspeptin/GPR54功能的这些方面，它们作为生殖的基本守门人。
