Germann Carl A, Baumann Michael R, Hamzavi Sirus
Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA.
Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Sep;25(7):834-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.01.021.
Optic neuritis is the most common cause of decreased vision due to optic nerve dysfunction in patients who are 20 to 40 years of age. Optic neuritis, or inflammation of the optic nerve, is primarily due to idiopathic demyelination. Demyelinative lesions seen in optic neuritis are not unlike those seen in plaque associated with multiple sclerosis. In fact, acute inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve commonly occurs as an initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Key features of optic neuritis include a vision loss occurring over 1 to 10 days, color vision impairment, eye pain with motility, and an afferent pupillary defect. This significant diagnosis can be challenging to an emergency physician as it is relatively infrequently observed.
视神经炎是20至40岁患者因视神经功能障碍导致视力下降的最常见原因。视神经炎，即视神经的炎症，主要是由于特发性脱髓鞘引起的。视神经炎中所见的脱髓鞘病变与多发性硬化相关斑块中所见的病变并无不同。事实上，视神经的急性炎症性脱髓鞘通常是多发性硬化的初始表现。视神经炎的关键特征包括在1至10天内出现的视力丧失、色觉障碍、眼球运动时的眼痛以及传入性瞳孔缺陷。由于相对较少观察到，这一重要诊断对急诊医生来说可能具有挑战性。
