Kryter K D
San Diego State University, College of Health and Human Services, California 92182.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1991 Dec;90(6):3196-201. doi: 10.1121/1.401428.
Hearing losses estimated for exposure to industrial and gun noise and for "typical" nosocusis are applied to the distributions of the hearing levels of adult males and females of the general population of an industrialized society unscreened for exposure to noise or ear disease. Noise exposure and demographic data applicable to the United States, and procedures for predicting noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) and nosocusis, were used to account for some 8.7 dB of the 13.4 dB average difference between the hearing levels at high frequencies for otologically and noise screened versus unscreened male ears; (this average difference is for the average of the hearing levels at 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz, average for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and ages 20-65 years). According to the present calculations, this difference is due, in order of importance, to (1) nosocusis, (2) exposure to gun noise, and (3) exposure of workers to industrial noise. For these same frequencies and overall average, adjustments for nosocusis accounts for 2 dB of the 5.9-dB difference between the hearing levels of screened and unscreened female ears. For the average at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, the overall differences between the screened and unscreened populations is but 3.4 dB for males and 2.9 dB for females. The adjustment procedures reduced these differences to -0.5 and 0.9 dB, respectively.
针对工业噪声、枪支噪声暴露以及“典型”职业病性听力损失所估算的听力损失，被应用于一个工业化社会中未针对噪声暴露或耳部疾病进行筛查的成年男性和女性总体听力水平分布。使用了适用于美国的噪声暴露和人口统计数据，以及预测噪声性永久性阈移（NIPTS）和职业病性听力损失的程序，来解释在经过耳科和噪声筛查与未筛查的男性耳朵中，高频听力水平平均相差13.4 dB中的约8.7 dB；（此平均差异是指3000、4000和6000 Hz处听力水平的平均值，第10、50和90百分位数的平均值，以及20至65岁年龄段）。根据目前的计算，按重要性排序，这种差异归因于：（1）职业病性听力损失，（2）枪支噪声暴露，以及（3）工人接触工业噪声。对于这些相同频率和总体平均值，职业病性听力损失的调整占经过筛查和未筛查女性耳朵听力水平相差5.9 dB中的2 dB。对于500、1000和2000 Hz的平均值，经过筛查和未筛查人群之间的总体差异，男性仅为3.4 dB，女性为2.9 dB。调整程序分别将这些差异减少到了 -0.5 dB和0.9 dB。
