Olawale Omoniyi A, Owoaje Eme T
Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
BMC Public Health. 2007 Sep 17;7:246. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-246.
Despite the high incidence of infectious diseases in developing countries, injuries still contribute significantly to the health burden. There are few reports of rural, community-based injury surveys in Nigeria. This study describes the incidence and pattern of injuries among the residents of a rural area in South-Western Nigeria.
It was a community based cross-sectional study. Two of six census areas were randomly selected and all households in the two areas visited. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, individual injury events and outcomes was obtained with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.
Information was obtained on the 1,766 persons in 395 households. Fifty-nine injuries were recorded by 54 people, giving an injury incidence of 100 per 1,000 per year (95% CI = 91.4-106.9). Injury incidence among <30 years was 81.6 per 1,000 per year (95% CI = 62.3-83.1); and 126 per 1,000 per year (95% CI = 98.2-137.4) for those > or = 30 years (p = 0.013). Injury incidence for females was 46 per 1,000 per year; and 159 per 1,000 per year (p = 0.000) for males. A significantly higher proportion of males (5%) sustained injury compared to females (2%) (p = 0.043). Falls and traffic injures, 15 (25%) each, were the leading causes of injury; followed by cuts/stabs 12 (21%), and blunt injuries, 9 (15%). Traffic injuries were the leading cause of injuries in all age groups except among the 5-14 years where falls were the leading cause of injury. In thirty-four (58%) of those injuries, treatment was at a hospital/health centre; while in two (3%), treatment was by untrained traditional practitioners. Thirty-nine (66%) of the injuries were fully recovered from, and 19 (32%) resulted in disability. There were 2 fatalities in the 5-year period, one (2%) within the study period.
Injuries were common in Igbo-Ora, though resultant disability and fatality were low. Males and those aged > or = 30 years had significantly higher proportions of the injured. Falls and traffic injuries were the most commonly reported injuries. Appropriate interventions to reduce the occurrences of injuries should be instituted by the local authorities. There is also need to educate the community members on how to prevent injuries.
尽管发展中国家传染病发病率很高，但伤害仍然是健康负担的重要组成部分。尼日利亚农村地区基于社区的伤害调查报道很少。本研究描述了尼日利亚西南部一个农村地区居民的伤害发生率及模式。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究。从六个普查区域中随机选取两个，走访这两个区域内的所有家庭。通过问卷调查获取社会人口学特征、个体伤害事件及结果的信息。使用SPSS 11版软件进行数据分析。
获取了395户家庭中1766人的信息。54人记录了59起伤害事件，年伤害发生率为每1000人中有100起（95%可信区间=91.4 - 106.9）。30岁以下人群的年伤害发生率为每1000人中有81.6起（95%可信区间=62. — 83.1）；30岁及以上人群为每1000人中有126起（95%可信区间=98.2 - 137.4）（p = 0.013）。女性的年伤害发生率为每1000人中有46起；男性为每1000人中有159起（p = 0.000）。男性受伤比例（5%）显著高于女性（2%）（p = 0.043）。跌倒和交通伤各15起（25%），是伤害的主要原因；其次是切割/刺伤12起（21%），钝器伤9起（15%）。除5 - 14岁年龄段跌倒为伤害主要原因外，交通伤是所有年龄组伤害的主要原因。在这些伤害事件中，34起（58%）在医院/健康中心接受治疗；2起（3%）由未经培训的传统从业者治疗。39起（66%）伤害完全康复，仍有19起（32%）导致残疾。在5年期间有2人死亡，其中1人（2%）在研究期间死亡。
在伊博奥拉，伤害很常见，不过导致的残疾和死亡比例较低。男性和30岁及以上人群受伤比例显著更高。跌倒和交通伤是最常报告的伤害类型。地方当局应采取适当干预措施以减少伤害发生。还需要对社区成员进行预防伤害的教育。
