Memmert Daniel, Furley Philip
Institute of Sport and Sports Science, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007 Jun;29(3):365-81. doi: 10.1123/jsep.29.3.365.
Failures of awareness are common when attention is otherwise engaged. Such failures are prevalent in attention-demanding team sports, but surprisingly no studies have explored the inattentional blindness paradigm in complex sport game-related situations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between breadth of attention, inattentional blindness, and tactical decision-making in team ball sports. A series of studies revealed that inattentional blindness exists in the area of team ball sports (Experiment 1). More tactical instructions can lead to a narrower breadth of attention, which increases inattentional blindness, whereas fewer tactical instructions widen the breadth of attention in the area of team ball sports (Experiment 2). Further meaningful exogenous stimuli reduce inattentional blindness (Experiment 3). The results of all experiments are discussed in connection with consciousness and attention theories as well as creativity and training in team sports.
当注意力集中在其他方面时，意识缺失的情况很常见。这种情况在需要高度集中注意力的团队运动中很普遍，但令人惊讶的是，尚无研究探讨复杂的与体育比赛相关情境中的无意视盲范式。本文旨在探讨团队球类运动中注意力广度、无意视盲与战术决策之间的联系。一系列研究表明，团队球类运动领域存在无意视盲现象（实验1）。更多的战术指导会导致注意力广度变窄，从而增加无意视盲，而较少的战术指导则会拓宽团队球类运动领域的注意力广度（实验2）。此外，有意义的外部刺激会减少无意视盲（实验3）。所有实验的结果都结合意识与注意力理论以及团队运动中的创造力和训练进行了讨论。
