Jin Peng, Li Xiawen, Ma Bin, Guo Hongbo, Zhang Zhongxi, Mao Lijuan
School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Aug 19;8:e9803. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9803. eCollection 2020.
Dynamic visual attention is important in basketball because it may affect the performance of players and thus the match outcome. The goals of this study were to investigate the difference in dynamic visual attention characteristics between highly skilled basketball players and nonathletic college students and to explore the relationship between visual attention and game-related performance among the basketball players.
In total, 24 highly skilled basketball players and 24 nonathletic college students participated in a multiple object tracking task. The task was conducted so that either the number of targets that were visually tracked or the speed at which a given number of tracked targets moved was altered to examine the difference in dynamic visual attention characteristics between the basketball players and nonathletic college students. The relationship between visual tracking speed (VTS) and game-related statistics, including assists, steals, mistakes, fouls and points scored recorded for every match during the season, was assessed among the basketball players by using Pearson correlations.
A significant main effect of target tracking load was observed ( < 0.001), with visual tracking performance significantly decreased as target number increased. In addition, the speed at which the targets moved had a significant effect on visual tracking performance ( < 0.001), with tracking performance significantly decreased as target speed increased. However, no significant difference was observed in the abilities of basketball players and nonathletic college students to simultaneously track up to six targets. By contrast, a significant interaction between group and target speed was found ( < 0.001), with the visual tracking accuracy of basketball players significantly greater than that of college students at the higher target speeds examined ( < 0.001). Among basketball players, there were positive, large, and statistically significant correlations in the accuracy in VTS trials and the number of assists ( < 0.001) and between the accuracy in VTS trials and the number of steals ( < 0.001).
The advantage of skilled basketball players to handle dynamic visual information in a multiple object tracking task was not attributable to the target number but to the target speed. Those athletes with greater dynamic visual attention were more likely to successfully assist or to steal the ball, enhancing performance of the athlete as well as contributing to a more successful team match. These findings may inform basketball training programs to improve player and team performances during matches.
动态视觉注意力在篮球运动中很重要，因为它可能会影响球员的表现，进而影响比赛结果。本研究的目的是调查高水平篮球运动员与非体育专业大学生在动态视觉注意力特征上的差异，并探讨篮球运动员视觉注意力与比赛相关表现之间的关系。
共有24名高水平篮球运动员和24名非体育专业大学生参与了一项多目标跟踪任务。进行该任务时，改变视觉跟踪的目标数量或给定数量跟踪目标的移动速度，以检查篮球运动员和非体育专业大学生在动态视觉注意力特征上的差异。通过使用Pearson相关性分析，评估篮球运动员的视觉跟踪速度（VTS）与赛季中每场比赛记录的比赛相关统计数据（包括助攻、抢断、失误、犯规和得分）之间的关系。
观察到目标跟踪负荷有显著的主效应（<0.001），随着目标数量增加，视觉跟踪性能显著下降。此外，目标移动速度对视觉跟踪性能有显著影响（<0.001），随着目标速度增加，跟踪性能显著下降。然而，在篮球运动员和非体育专业大学生同时跟踪多达六个目标的能力方面，未观察到显著差异。相比之下，发现组与目标速度之间存在显著交互作用（<0.叭），在较高的目标速度下（<0.001），篮球运动员的视觉跟踪准确性显著高于大学生。在篮球运动员中，VTS试验的准确性与助攻次数之间存在正的、较大的且具有统计学意义的相关性（<0.001），VTS试验的准确性与抢断次数之间也存在相关性（<0.001）。
熟练篮球运动员在多目标跟踪任务中处理动态视觉信息的优势并非归因于目标数量，而是目标速度。那些具有更强动态视觉注意力的运动员更有可能成功助攻或抢断球，提高运动员的表现，并有助于团队比赛更成功。这些发现可能为篮球训练计划提供参考，以提高比赛期间球员和球队的表现。
