Tian Yuan, Zhang Liang'an, Ju Yongjian
Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2008;128(4):491-5. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncm427. Epub 2007 Sep 17.
This paper discusses the dose level of Chinese occupational exposures during 1986-2000. Data on occupational exposures from the main categories in nuclear fuel cycle (uranium enrichment and conversion, fuel fabrication, reactor operation, waste management and research activity, except for uranium mining and milling because of the lack of data), medical uses of radiation (diagnostic radiation, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy) and industrial uses of radiation (industrial radiography and radioisotope production) are presented and summarised in detail. These are the main components of occupational exposures in China. In general, the average annual effective doses show a steady decreasing trend over periods: from 2.16 to 1.16 mSv in medical uses of radiation during 1990-2000; from 1.92 to 1.18 mSv in industrial radiography during 1990-2000; from 8.79 to 2.05 mSv in radioisotope production during the period 1980-2000. Almost all the average annual effective doses in discussed occupations were lower than 5 mSv in recent years (except for well-logging: 6.86 mSv in 1999) and no monitored workers were found to have received the occupational exposure exceeding 50 mSv in a single year or 100 mSv in a five-year period. So the Chinese protection status of occupation exposure has been improved in recent years. However, the average annual effective doses in some occupations, such as diagnostic radiology and coal mining, were still much higher than that of the whole world. There are still needs for further improvement and careful monitoring of occupational exposure to protect every worker from excessive occupational exposure, especially for the workers who were neglected before.
本文讨论了1986 - 2000年期间中国职业照射的剂量水平。详细介绍并总结了核燃料循环主要类别（铀浓缩与转化、燃料制造、反应堆运行、废物管理和研究活动，因缺乏数据未包括铀矿开采和选矿）、辐射医疗用途（诊断性辐射、核医学和放射治疗）以及辐射工业用途（工业射线照相和放射性同位素生产）的职业照射数据。这些是中国职业照射的主要组成部分。总体而言，平均年有效剂量在各时间段呈稳步下降趋势：1990 - 2000年期间，辐射医疗用途从2.16 mSv降至1.16 mSv；1990 - 2000年期间，工业射线照相从1.92 mSv降至1.18 mSv；1980 - 2000年期间，放射性同位素生产从8.79 mSv降至2.05 mSv。近年来，所讨论职业的几乎所有平均年有效剂量均低于5 mSv（除测井：1999年为6.86 mSv），且未发现受监测工人在单一年份接受的职业照射超过50 mSv或在五年期间超过100 mSv。因此，近年来中国职业照射的防护状况有所改善。然而，某些职业如诊断放射学和煤矿开采的平均年有效剂量仍远高于全球水平。仍需要进一步改进并仔细监测职业照射，以保护每位工人免受过度职业照射，特别是对于以前被忽视的工人。
