Uehara Edwina S
School of Social Work, Office of the Dean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;31(3):329-58. doi: 10.1007/s11013-007-9056-0.
In the clinical literature on trauma, the atrocity survivor's attempt to engage others around the experience of chronic, intractable pain is often viewed as an instance of "help-seeking," logotherapeutic "coherence-making," or-more darkly-"patient malingering." In this article, I challenge the utility of these rubrics through a close examination of the pain and engagement narratives of two survivors of the Cambodian Killing Fields. I demonstrate that survivor narratives can obtain a strategic multivocality, oscillating between phenomenological account and political critique, between clinical description and moral exhortation. This discursive oscillation, speaking "on and to several different levels of experience at the same time" [Levin DM (1998) Int J Philos Stud 6(3):345-392], radically disturbs the audience's conventional sensibilities and distancing-making moves (for example, crafting totalizing accounts of the meaning of suffering or counterfactually speculating about the survivor's experiences of pain). This disturbance allows the survivor's narrative to function hermeneutically, enabling the audience to glimpse the moral significance of strategic multivocality for the survivor's efforts to engage others while tracing its performative responsibilities and possibilities for ourselves. Reading pain and engagement narratives this way forces us into a place of equivocation and ambiguity that makes possible new configurations of sense, meaning, and response. It is, thus, as disturbing phenomenology that the women's narratives derive their greatest practical power and urgency.
在创伤领域的临床文献中,暴行幸存者试图让他人了解其慢性顽固性疼痛经历的行为,往往被视为“寻求帮助”的实例、存在主义心理治疗中的“连贯构建”,或者——更阴暗地看——“患者诈病”。在本文中,我通过仔细审视两位柬埔寨杀戮场幸存者的疼痛及相关经历叙述,对这些分类的实用性提出质疑。我表明,幸存者的叙述能够获得一种策略性的多声性,在现象学描述与政治批判之间、临床描述与道德劝诫之间摇摆。这种话语的摇摆,“同时在几个不同的经验层面上言说”[莱文·D·M(1998年)《国际哲学研究杂志》6(3):345 - 392],从根本上扰乱了听众的传统认知以及那些保持距离的行为(例如,构建关于苦难意义的总体性叙述,或者反事实地推测幸存者的疼痛经历)。这种扰乱使得幸存者的叙述具有解释学功能,使听众能够瞥见策略性多声性对于幸存者与他人交流努力的道德意义,同时探寻其对我们自身的践行责任及可能性。以这种方式解读疼痛及相关经历叙述,会迫使我们进入一个充满模棱两可的境地,从而为意义、含义及回应的新构型创造可能。因此,正是作为一种令人不安的现象学,这些女性的叙述才具有了最大的实践力量和紧迫性。