Wiig Elisabeth H, Nielsen Niels Peter, Jacobson James M
Knowledge Research Institute, Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2007 Jun;104(3 Pt 2):1067-75. doi: 10.2466/pms.104.4.1067-1075.
A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed color, form, and color-form naming were administered to 300 normal participants (ages 15-95 years) to explore the effects of age on perceptual (single-dimension naming) and cognitive speed (dual-dimension naming). Naming time means (sec.) were consistent with previous findings. Correlations between age and naming time were low, but significant. Linear regression with age as a factor indicated time increases of 1 sec. per decade for colors and color-form combination naming and of 6 sec. per decade for form naming. Participants were divided into age cohorts, each covering a decade, and naming times were transformed to normalized z scores. The normalized means were similar for color, form, and color-form naming and increased by about 1 SD between ages 15-25 and 75-85 years. The ranges were similar across cohorts, about 2 SD. The findings concur with age patterns for visual-pattern comparison speed, fluid intelligence, and working memory reported by Salthouse in 2004.
对300名正常参与者（年龄在15 - 95岁之间）进行了认知速度的快速测试，测试内容包括颜色、形状以及颜色 - 形状命名，以探究年龄对感知（单维度命名）和认知速度（双维度命名）的影响。命名时间均值（秒）与先前的研究结果一致。年龄与命名时间之间的相关性较低，但具有显著性。以年龄为因素的线性回归表明，颜色和颜色 - 形状组合命名每十年时间增加1秒，形状命名每十年增加6秒。参与者被分为年龄组，每个年龄组涵盖十年，命名时间被转换为标准化z分数。颜色、形状和颜色 - 形状命名的标准化均值相似，在15 - 25岁和75 - 85岁之间增加了约1个标准差。各年龄组的范围相似，约为2个标准差。这些发现与索尔特豪斯在2004年报告的视觉模式比较速度、流体智力和工作记忆的年龄模式一致。
