Kirkham Natasha Z, Slemmer Jonathan A, Richardson Daniel C, Johnson Scott P
Birkbeck College, University of London, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, London, UK.
Child Dev. 2007 Sep-Oct;78(5):1559-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01083.x.
We investigated infants' sensitivity to spatiotemporal structure. In Experiment 1, circles appeared in a statistically defined spatial pattern. At test 11-month-olds, but not 8-month-olds, looked longer at a novel spatial sequence. Experiment 2 presented different color/shape stimuli, but only the location sequence was violated during test; 8-month-olds preferred the novel spatial structure, but 5-month-olds did not. In Experiment 3, the locations but not color/shape pairings were constant at test; 5-month-olds showed a novelty preference. Experiment 4 examined "online learning": We recorded eye movements of 8-month-olds watching a spatiotemporal sequence. Saccade latencies to predictable locations decreased. We argue that temporal order statistics involving informative spatial relations become available to infants during the first year after birth, assisted by multiple cues.
我们研究了婴儿对时空结构的敏感度。在实验1中，圆圈以一种统计学定义的空间模式出现。在测试中，11个月大的婴儿，而非8个月大的婴儿，会对一种新的空间序列注视更长时间。实验2呈现了不同颜色/形状的刺激物，但在测试期间只有位置序列被打乱；8个月大的婴儿更喜欢新的空间结构，而5个月大的婴儿则不然。在实验3中，测试时位置保持不变，但颜色/形状配对发生变化；5个月大的婴儿表现出对新奇事物的偏好。实验4检验了“在线学习”：我们记录了8个月大的婴儿观看时空序列时的眼动情况。向可预测位置的扫视潜伏期缩短。我们认为，在出生后的第一年，在多种线索的辅助下，涉及信息性空间关系的时间顺序统计信息对婴儿来说变得可用。
