Allen Katie
Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Aust Fam Physician. 2007 Sep;36(9):684-7.
Vomiting is a common, nonspecific sign of a range of childhood illnesses. It may be acute or chronic and the general practitioner has a key role in identifying whether a child needs further investigation and management.
This article outlines the main differential diagnoses, investigation and management of children presenting with acute and chronic vomiting.
Viral gastroenteritis is the most common cause of acute vomiting but should only be made after careful consideration of other causes. Management of hydration status in a child with a self limiting case of vomiting is vital. Regular review in the early phases of an undifferentiated vomiting illness will ensure that more fulminant illnesses are not overlooked and that secondary complications of dehydration do not arise. Chronic regurgitation and gastro-oesophageal reflux in infancy are common presentations that require considered management and may be a presenting symptom of food allergy. Other chronic presentations of nausea and vomiting in the older child may require referral for specialist assessment.
呕吐是一系列儿童疾病常见的非特异性体征。它可能是急性的或慢性的，全科医生在确定儿童是否需要进一步检查和治疗方面起着关键作用。
本文概述了急性和慢性呕吐儿童的主要鉴别诊断、检查和治疗方法。
病毒性肠胃炎是急性呕吐最常见的原因，但只有在仔细考虑其他原因后才能确诊。对于自限性呕吐的儿童，维持其水合状态至关重要。在未分化呕吐疾病的早期阶段定期复查，将确保不会忽视更严重的疾病，且不会出现脱水的继发并发症。婴儿期的慢性反流和胃食管反流是常见症状，需要谨慎处理，可能是食物过敏的表现症状。年龄较大儿童恶心和呕吐的其他慢性症状可能需要转诊进行专科评估。
