Jo Wan-Kuen, Lee Jong-Hyo, Kim Mo-Keun
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2008 Feb;70(10):1827-34. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.021. Epub 2007 Sep 21.
The present study investigated the emission characteristics of gel-type air fresheners (AFs), using head-space, small-chamber, and in-vehicle tests. Five toxic or hazardous analytes were found in the headspace phase of AFs (toluene, benzene, ethyl benzene, and m,p-xylene) at a frequency of more than 50%. Limonene and linalool, which are known to be unsaturated ozone-reactive VOCs, were detected at a frequency of 58 and 35%, respectively. The empirical model fitted well with the time-series concentrations in the chamber, thereby suggesting that the empirical model was suitable for testing emissions. Limonene exhibited the highest emission rate, followed by m,p-xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and benzene. For most target VOCs, higher air change per hour (ACH) levels exhibited increased emission rates. In contrast, higher ACH levels resulted in lower chamber concentrations. The mean concentration of limonene was significantly higher in passenger cars with an AF than without. For other target compounds, there were no significant differences between the two conditions tested. Consequently, it was suggested that unlike limonene, the emission strength for aromatic compounds identified in the chamber tests was not strong enough to elevate in-vehicle levels.
本研究使用顶空、小室和车内测试，对凝胶型空气清新剂（AFs）的排放特性进行了调查。在AFs的顶空相中发现了五种有毒或有害分析物（甲苯、苯、乙苯和间、对二甲苯），出现频率超过50%。已知为不饱和臭氧反应性挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的柠檬烯和芳樟醇，检出频率分别为58%和35%。经验模型与小室内的时间序列浓度拟合良好，这表明该经验模型适用于测试排放。柠檬烯的排放率最高，其次是间、对二甲苯、甲苯、乙苯和苯。对于大多数目标VOCs，每小时换气次数（ACH）水平越高，排放率越高。相反，ACH水平越高，小室内浓度越低。装有AF的乘用车中柠檬烯的平均浓度显著高于未装AF的乘用车。对于其他目标化合物，在测试的两种条件之间没有显著差异。因此，有人认为，与柠檬烯不同，在小室测试中识别出的芳香族化合物的排放强度不足以提高车内浓度。
