Vannie P, Capua I, Le Potier M F, Mackay D K J, Muylkens B, Parida S, Paton D J, Thiry E
Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments (AFSSA), BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 2007 Aug;26(2):351-72.
Molecular biology and technical advances in DNA recombination have ushered in a new era in vaccinology. This article examines the recent development of specific marker vaccines and examines the impact of their use on the diagnosis and prevention of major infectious diseases. Gene-deleted vaccines, DIVA strategies (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) and similar methods have been successfully applied in the control and eradication of Aujeszky's disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, classical swine fever, foot and mouth disease and, recently, avian influenza. The efficacy and performance of existing marker vaccines and their companion diagnostic tools (which should be assesed by an independent body) are discussed, as are the ways in which these tools are deployed by competent authorities. The limits and the advantages of the use of marker vaccines are carefully analysed in the light of practical experiences. Although these vaccines can limit the speed and the extent of virus dissemination and thus reduce the number of animals slaughtered, marker vaccines are no substitute for sanitary measures. Early detection and warning systems and the quick implementation of sanitary measures, including stamping out, remain key issues in the control of highly contagious diseases.
分子生物学以及DNA重组技术的进展开创了疫苗学的新纪元。本文探讨了特定标记疫苗的最新发展，并研究了其在主要传染病诊断和预防方面的应用影响。基因缺失疫苗、DIVA策略（区分感染动物和接种疫苗动物）及类似方法已成功应用于伪狂犬病、传染性牛鼻气管炎、经典猪瘟、口蹄疫以及最近的禽流感的控制和根除。文中讨论了现有标记疫苗及其配套诊断工具（应由独立机构评估）的效力和性能，以及主管当局部署这些工具的方式。根据实际经验，仔细分析了使用标记疫苗的局限性和优势。尽管这些疫苗可以限制病毒传播的速度和范围，从而减少屠宰动物的数量，但标记疫苗不能替代卫生措施。早期检测和预警系统以及包括扑杀在内的卫生措施的迅速实施，仍然是控制高传染性疾病的关键问题。
