Rwakatema D S, Ng'ang'a P M, Kemoli A M
Department of Dentistry, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, P.O. Box. 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.
East Afr Med J. 2007 May;84(5):226-32. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v84i5.9530.
To assess malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15-year-olds in Moshi municipality, Tanzania.
A cross-sectional study.
Moshi municipality, Tanzania.
Two hundred and eighty nine randomly selected primary school children in Moshi municipality in the year 2003.
Maxillary median diastema occurred in 20.1% of the children. Crowding and spacing in the incisor segments occurred in 41.2% and 28.4% respectively with significantly more crowding in males than in females (p = 0.009). Anterior irregularities occurred in 46% of the sample in the maxilla and 51.6% in the mandible. These irregularities were significantly more common in the females than in males in the maxilla and mandible (p = 0.014, p = 0.037 respectively). Reverse overjet was extremely rare (0.3%). Anterior openbite and antero-posterior molar relation discrepancies occurred in 6.2% and 32.5% of the sample, respectively. Crowding, irregularities in the incisor segments and antero-posterior molar relation discrepancies were dominant malocclusion traits in this population. The sample mean DAI score was 24.6 points (CI 95% 23.86-25.36). There was no statistically significant gender difference of DAI scores (p = 0.473). About 65% of the subjects had either no need or had slight need for treatment whereas 35.3% were found with orthodontic treatment needs ranging from elective (21.5%), highly desirable (6.9%) to mandatory (6.9%). There was no significant gender difference in the categories of treatment need (p = 0.942). Unmet orthodontic treatment needs were present in this population with a very small proportion of subjects exhibiting handicapping malocclusion.
The information from this study forms part of the basis not only for further research, but also for planning orthodontic care in this community where unmet orthodontic treatment needs are present.
评估坦桑尼亚莫希市12至15岁青少年的错颌畸形及正畸治疗需求。
横断面研究。
坦桑尼亚莫希市。
2003年在莫希市随机选取的289名小学生。
20.1%的儿童出现上颌正中牙间隙。切牙段拥挤和牙间隙分别发生率为41.2%和28.4%，男性拥挤情况显著多于女性（p = 0.009）。上颌46%、下颌51.6%的样本出现前牙不整齐。这些不整齐情况在上颌和下颌中女性均显著多于男性（分别为p = 0.014，p = 0.037）。反覆盖极为罕见（0.3%）。前牙开颌和磨牙前后关系异常分别在6.2%和32.5%的样本中出现。拥挤、切牙段不整齐和磨牙前后关系异常是该人群主要的错颌畸形特征。样本平均DAI评分为24.6分（95%置信区间23.86 - 25.36）。DAI评分在性别上无统计学显著差异（p = 0.473）。约65%的受试者无需治疗或仅需轻微治疗，而35.3%的受试者有正畸治疗需求，包括选择性治疗（21.5%）、非常需要治疗（6.9%）和必须治疗（6.9%）。治疗需求类别在性别上无显著差异（p = 0.942）。该人群存在未满足的正畸治疗需求，表现为严重错颌畸形的受试者比例非常小。
本研究所得信息不仅是进一步研究的部分基础，也是为该存在未满足正畸治疗需求的社区规划正畸护理的基础。
