Department of Oral Health Sciences, Orthodontics KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Oral Health Sciences, Research Group Population Studies in Oral Health and Pediatric Dentistry & Special Care, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 17;19(12):7446. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127446.
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features in children and adolescents. METHODS: The digital databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Open Grey, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2021. Epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and comparative studies involving subjects ≤ 18 years old and focusing on the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features were selected. Articles written in English, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Three authors independently assessed the eligibility, extracted the data from, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Since all of the included articles were non-randomized, the MINORS tool was used to score the risk of bias. RESULTS: The initial electronic database search identified a total of 6775 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 4646 articles were screened using the title and abstract. A total of 415 full-text articles were assessed, and 123 articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. The range of prevalence of Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion was very large, with a mean prevalence of 51.9% (SD 20.7), 23.8% (SD 14.6), and 6.5% (SD 6.5), respectively. As for the prevalence of overjet, reversed overjet, overbite, and open bite, no means were calculated due to the large variation in the definitions, measurements, methodologies, and cut-off points among the studies. The prevalence of anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, and crossbite with functional shift were 7.8% (SD 6.5), 9.0% (SD 7.34), and 12.2% (SD 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were reported to be 6.8% (SD 4.2) and 1.8% (SD 1.3), respectively. For impacted teeth, ectopic eruption, and transposition, means of 4.9% (SD 3.7), 5.4% (SD 3.8), and 0.5% (SD 0.5) were found, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to clearly define orthodontic features and malocclusion traits as well as to reach consensus on the protocols used to quantify them. The large variety in methodological approaches found in the literature makes the data regarding prevalence of malocclusion unreliable.
目的：本研究旨在系统回顾文献中有关儿童和青少年错颌畸形及不同正畸特征的患病率。
方法：从建库至 2021 年 11 月，检索了 PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Open Grey 和 Web of Science 等数字数据库。选择了涉及≤18 岁患者的、关于错颌畸形及不同正畸特征患病率的流行病学研究、随机对照试验、临床试验和对照研究。纳入了以英文、荷兰文、法文、德文、西班牙文和葡萄牙文发表的文章。三位作者独立评估了研究的纳入标准、从研究中提取数据并确定了研究的质量。由于所有纳入的文章均为非随机研究，因此使用 MINORS 工具对偏倚风险进行评分。
结果：最初的电子数据库检索共识别出 6775 篇文章。在去除重复项后，使用标题和摘要对 4646 篇文章进行了筛选。共有 415 篇全文文章进行了评估，最终有 123 篇文章进行了定性分析。Angle 类Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ错颌畸形的患病率范围非常大，平均患病率分别为 51.9%（20.7）、23.8%（14.6）和 6.5%（6.5）。至于覆颌、反覆颌、覆盖和开颌的患病率，由于研究中定义、测量、方法和截止值的差异较大，因此没有计算平均值。前牙反颌、后牙反颌和功能型牙颌偏斜的患病率分别为 7.8%（6.5）、9.0%（7.34）和 12.2%（7.8）。先天性缺牙和多生牙的患病率分别为 6.8%（4.2）和 1.8%（1.3）。埋伏牙、异位萌出和错位萌出的患病率分别为 4.9%（3.7）、5.4%（3.8）和 0.5%（0.5）。
结论：迫切需要明确正畸特征和错颌畸形特征的定义，并就用于量化这些特征的方案达成共识。文献中发现的方法学方法的多样性使得错颌畸形患病率的数据不可靠。
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