Richardson Gale A, Goldschmidt Lidush, Larkby Cynthia
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Oct;120(4):e1017-27. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3482. Epub 2007 Sep 24.
There has been a limited amount of research on the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on growth of the infant, and there has been no use of longitudinal growth models. We investigated the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on offspring growth from 1 through 10 years of age by using a repeated-measures growth-curve model.
Women were enrolled from a prenatal clinic and interviewed at the end of each trimester of pregnancy about their cocaine, crack, alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other drug use. Fifty percent of the women were white, and 50% were black. Follow-up assessments occurred at 1, 3, 7, and 10 years of age.
Cross-sectional analyses showed that children exposed to cocaine during the first trimester (n = 99) were smaller on all growth parameters at 7 and 10 years, but not at 1 or 3 years, than the children who were not exposed to cocaine during the first trimester (n = 125). The longitudinal analyses indicated that the growth curves for the 2 groups diverged over time: children who were prenatally exposed to cocaine grew at a slower rate than children who were not exposed. These analyses controlled for other factors associated with child growth.
To our knowledge, this is the first study of the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure to conduct longitudinal growth-curve analyses using 4 time points in childhood. Children who were exposed to cocaine during the first trimester grew at a slower rate than those who were not exposed. These findings indicate that prenatal cocaine exposure has a lasting effect on child development.
关于产前接触可卡因对婴儿生长的长期影响的研究数量有限，且尚未使用纵向生长模型。我们使用重复测量生长曲线模型研究了产前接触可卡因对1至10岁后代生长的影响。
从一家产前诊所招募女性，并在妊娠各晚期结束时询问她们使用可卡因、快克、酒精、大麻、烟草及其他药物的情况。50%的女性为白人，50%为黑人。在1岁、3岁、7岁和10岁时进行随访评估。
横断面分析显示，孕早期接触可卡因的儿童（n = 99）在7岁和10岁时的所有生长参数均低于孕早期未接触可卡因的儿童（n = 125），但在1岁和3岁时并非如此。纵向分析表明，两组的生长曲线随时间推移出现分化：产前接触可卡因的儿童生长速度比未接触的儿童慢。这些分析控制了与儿童生长相关的其他因素。
据我们所知，这是第一项在儿童期使用4个时间点进行纵向生长曲线分析，研究产前接触可卡因长期影响的研究。孕早期接触可卡因的儿童生长速度比未接触的儿童慢。这些发现表明，产前接触可卡因对儿童发育有持久影响。
