Isik Z, Parmaksiz I, Coruh C, Geylan-Su Y S, Cebeci O, Beecher B, Budak H
Sabanci University, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
Genome. 2007 Aug;50(8):724-34. doi: 10.1139/g07-052.
Rye (Secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, RR) crop species of the Triticeae and a better understanding of its organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. Previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. In the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA PCR-RFLPs. Seven cpDNA and 4 mtDNA coding and noncoding regions were amplified using universal cpDNA and mtDNA primer pairs. Each amplified fragment was digested with 13 different restriction enzymes. mtDNA analysis indicated that the number of polymorphic loci (20) was low and genetic differentiation (GST) was 0.60, excluding the outgroups (hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD; triticale, xTriticosecale Wittmack, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBRR). cpDNA analysis revealed a low level of polymorphism (40%) among the accessions, and GST was 0.39. Of the 96 genotypes studied, 70 could not be differentiated using cpDNA PCR-RFLPs even though they are from different geographic regions. This is most likely due to germplasm exchange, indicating that genotypes might have a common genetic background. Two cpDNA and 3 mtDNA fragments were significantly correlated to the site of germplasm collection. However, there was no clear trend. These results indicate that the level of organellar polymorphism is low among the cultivated rye genotypes. The cpDNA and mtDNA PCR-RFLP markers used in the present study could be used as molecular markers in rye genetics and breeding programs.
黑麦（Secale cereale）是小麦族一种重要的二倍体（2n = 14，RR）作物物种，更好地了解其细胞器基因组变异有助于对其进行改良。先前对黑麦的遗传分析主要集中在核基因组上。在本研究中，目的是利用叶绿体（cp）和线粒体（mt）DNA PCR-RFLP技术，研究代表不同地理区域的96份材料的细胞器基因组多样性及其亲缘关系。使用通用的cpDNA和mtDNA引物对扩增了7个cpDNA和4个mtDNA编码及非编码区域。每个扩增片段用13种不同的限制性内切酶进行消化。mtDNA分析表明，多态性位点数量（20个）较低，遗传分化（GST）为0.60，不包括外类群（六倍体小麦，Triticum aestivum，2n = 6x = 42，AABBDD；小黑麦，xTriticosecale Wittmack，2n = 6x = 42，AABBRR）。cpDNA分析显示材料间多态性水平较低（40%），GST为0.39。在研究的96个基因型中，70个即使来自不同地理区域，也无法通过cpDNA PCR-RFLP技术进行区分。这很可能是由于种质交换，表明这些基因型可能具有共同的遗传背景。两个cpDNA片段和3个mtDNA片段与种质收集地点显著相关。然而，没有明显趋势。这些结果表明，栽培黑麦基因型间细胞器多态性水平较低。本研究中使用的cpDNA和mtDNA PCR-RFLP标记可作为黑麦遗传和育种计划中的分子标记。
