Wu C Y, Jiang Y N, Chu H P, Li S H, Wang Y, Li Y H, Chang Y, Ju Y T
Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
Anim Genet. 2007 Oct;38(5):499-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01646.x.
The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from Lanyu Islet, located south-east of Taiwan, with phenotypic characteristics distinctive from other pig breeds in Asia and Europe. Based on geographic considerations, the Lanyu pig may have originated from mainland China, Austronesia or the Ryukyu Islands. In the present study, polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA control region sequence was used to clarify phylogenetic relationships among two herds of Lanyu pigs imported before 1980 from Lanyu Islet into Taiwan and reared in isolation on two different farms. Two distinct mitochondrial control region haplotypes were found. The type I Lanyu sequence appeared independently as a unique clade different from Asian and European pig sequences, while the type II Lanyu sequence was clustered within the major Asian clade. The pairwise distances between the major Asian clade vs. the type I Lanyu and European clades were 0.01726 +/- 0.00275 and 0.01975 +/- 0.00212 changes per site respectively. Estimates of divergence time suggest that the type I Lanyu sequence split from the major Asian pig clade in prehistoric times. The type II Lanyu mtDNA shares a close genetic lineage with Japanese Satsuma and New Zealand Kune Kune mtDNA with pairwise distances of 0.00095 +/- 0.00000 and 0.00192 +/- 0.00000 respectively, indicating gene flow between Lanyu Islet, Japan and Oceania in recent times. Together these results indicate that the type I Lanyu pig has a genetic lineage separate from Asian-type pigs, while the type II Lanyu sequence may represent a more recent introgression of modern Asian pigs.
兰屿猪是一种原产于台湾东南部兰屿岛的本土猪种，其表型特征与亚洲和欧洲的其他猪种不同。基于地理因素考虑，兰屿猪可能起源于中国大陆、南岛语族地区或琉球群岛。在本研究中，线粒体DNA控制区序列的多态性被用于阐明1980年前从兰屿岛进口到台湾并在两个不同农场隔离饲养的两群兰屿猪之间的系统发育关系。研究发现了两种不同的线粒体控制区单倍型。I型兰屿序列独立出现，形成一个独特的分支，不同于亚洲和欧洲猪的序列，而II型兰屿序列则聚集在主要的亚洲分支内。主要亚洲分支与I型兰屿和欧洲分支之间的每一位点的成对距离分别为0.01726±0.00275和0.01975±0.00212个变化。分歧时间估计表明，I型兰屿序列在史前时期就与主要的亚洲猪分支分离。II型兰屿线粒体DNA与日本萨摩猪和新西兰库恩库恩猪的线粒体DNA具有密切的遗传谱系，成对距离分别为0.00095±0.00000和0.00192±0.00000，表明近期兰屿岛、日本和大洋洲之间存在基因流动。这些结果共同表明，I型兰屿猪具有与亚洲型猪不同的遗传谱系，而II型兰屿序列可能代表了现代亚洲猪更近的基因渗入。
