Li Kuan-Yi, Li Kuang-Ti, Cheng Chun-Chun, Chen Chia-Hsuan, Hung Chien-Yi, Ju Yu-Ten
Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan .
Graduate Institute of Hakka Cultural Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan .
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2015 Apr;28(4):457-66. doi: 10.5713/ajas.14.0595.
Taoyuan pig is a native Taiwan breed. According to the historical record, the breed was first introduced to Taiwan from Guangdong province, Southern China, around 1877. The breed played an important role in Taiwan's early swine industry. It was classified as an indigenous breed in 1986. After 1987, a conserved population of Taoyuan pig was collected and reared in isolation. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequences and 18 microsatellite markers were used to investigate maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the Taoyuan pig population. Population differentiation among Taoyuan, Asian type, and European type pig breeds was also evaluated using differentiation indices. Only one D-loop haplotype of the Taoyuan pig was found. It clustered with Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China Type pig breeds. Based on the polymorphism of microsatellite markers, a positive fixation index value (FIS) indicates that the conserved Taoyuan population suffers from inbreeding. In addition, high FST values (>0.2105) were obtained, revealing high differentiation among these breeds. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed a clear geometric structure among 7 breeds. Together these results indicate that maternally Taoyuan pig originated in the Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China; however, since being introduced to Taiwan differentiation has occurred. In addition, Taoyuan pig has lost genetic diversity in both its mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
桃园猪是台湾本土品种。据历史记载，该品种于1877年左右首次从中国南方的广东省引入台湾。该品种在台湾早期养猪业中发挥了重要作用。1986年它被归类为本土品种。1987年之后，收集了桃园猪的保种群并进行隔离饲养。在本研究中，利用线粒体DNA序列和18个微卫星标记来研究桃园猪群体内的母系谱系和遗传多样性。还使用分化指数评估了桃园猪、亚洲型猪和欧洲型猪品种之间的群体分化。在桃园猪中仅发现一个D-loop单倍型。它与长江中下游流域和华中型猪品种聚类在一起。基于微卫星标记的多态性，正向固定指数值（FIS）表明保种的桃园猪群体存在近亲繁殖现象。此外，获得了较高的FST值（>0.2105），揭示了这些品种之间的高度分化。非度量多维标度分析显示7个品种之间有明显的几何结构。这些结果共同表明，从母系来看，桃园猪起源于长江中下游流域和中国中部地区；然而，自引入台湾后已发生了分化。此外，桃园猪的线粒体基因组和核基因组都已丧失了遗传多样性。
