Ohlendorf S, Kimmig H, Glauche V, Haller S
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Oct;26(7):2096-108. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05824.x.
A moving object draws our attention to it and we can track the object with smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM). Gaze and attention are usually directed to the same object during SPEM. In this study we investigated whether gaze and attention can be divided during pursuit. We explored the cortical control of ocular tracking and attentive tracking and the role of focused and divided attention. We presented a sinusoidally moving target for pursuit and simultaneously a stationary target for fixation. Gaze could be directed to the pursuit target and attention to the fixation target or vice versa, or gaze and attention were directed to the same (moving or stationary) target. We found that gaze (overt) and attentive (covert) pursuit similarly activated the cortical oculomotor network. Gaze pursuit showed higher activations than attentive pursuit. Activations, specific to the dissociation of attention from gaze and independent of eye movements, were found solely in the posterior parietal cortex. A cue indicating a forthcoming attention task activated large parts of the cortical SPEM network, as a kind of preparatory mechanism. We did not find any attention-related regions outside the well-known visuo-oculomotor network. We conclude that attention control during gaze pursuit and gaze fixation occur within the cortical SPEM network, supporting the premotor theory of attention [Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., Dascola, I. & Umilta, C. (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, 31-40].
移动物体吸引我们的注意力，我们可以通过平稳跟踪眼动（SPEM）来追踪该物体。在SPEM过程中，注视和注意力通常指向同一物体。在本研究中，我们调查了在跟踪过程中注视和注意力是否可以分开。我们探讨了眼动跟踪和注意力跟踪的皮质控制以及集中注意力和分散注意力的作用。我们呈现一个正弦运动的目标以供跟踪，同时呈现一个静止目标以供注视。注视可以指向跟踪目标而注意力指向注视目标，反之亦然，或者注视和注意力指向同一（运动或静止）目标。我们发现，注视（显性）和注意力（隐性）跟踪同样激活皮质动眼神经网络。注视跟踪比注意力跟踪表现出更高的激活。仅在后顶叶皮质中发现了与注意力从注视中分离且独立于眼动的特定激活。一个表明即将到来的注意力任务的提示激活了皮质SPEM网络的大部分区域，作为一种准备机制。我们在著名的视觉动眼神经网络之外未发现任何与注意力相关的区域。我们得出结论，注视跟踪和注视固定期间的注意力控制发生在皮质SPEM网络内，支持注意力的运动前理论[里佐拉蒂，G.，里焦，L.，达斯科拉，I. & 乌米塔，C.（1987年）《神经心理学》，25，31 - 40]。
