Lacey Lawrence A, Horton David R, Jones Dana C
Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2008 Feb;97(2):159-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.08.004. Epub 2007 Aug 22.
The endophytic fungus, Muscodor albus produces several volatile compounds (alcohols, esters, ketones, acids and lipids) that are biocidal for a range of organisms including plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, nematodes and insects. We studied the effects of these volatiles on 3-day-old potato tuber moth larvae within infested tubers inside sealed chambers. The length of exposure to M. albus significantly affected mortality of larvae, calculated as percentage of larvae failing to survive to the adult stage. Exposure durations of 3, 7, or 14 days at 24 degrees C followed by incubation in fresh air at 27 degrees C until emergence resulted in mortalities of 84.2, 95.5 and 99.6%, respectively. However, the longer exposures also resulted in increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) that are unacceptable for tuber storage. Effects of M. albus on larval survival was also monitored at 10, 15 and 24 degrees C, using an exposure duration of 7 days followed by incubation in clean air at 27 degrees C until emergence. Mortality of larvae was sharply reduced at the lower temperatures resulting in 50.8, 76.8, and 95.4% mortality, respectively. Tuber storage conditions, especially cooling rates, are discussed with respect to using M. albus as a fumigant without simultaneously producing unacceptable (for tuber storage) levels of CO(2).
内生真菌白麝香葡萄孢产生多种挥发性化合物（醇类、酯类、酮类、酸类和脂类），这些化合物对一系列生物体具有杀菌作用，包括植物致病细菌和真菌、线虫及昆虫。我们研究了这些挥发物对密封室内受侵染块茎中3日龄马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的影响。暴露于白麝香葡萄孢的时间长度显著影响幼虫死亡率，死亡率以未能存活至成虫阶段的幼虫百分比计算。在24摄氏度下暴露3、7或14天，然后在27摄氏度的新鲜空气中孵化直至羽化，死亡率分别为84.2%、95.5%和99.6%。然而，较长时间的暴露也导致二氧化碳（CO₂）水平升高，这对于块茎储存来说是不可接受的。还在10、15和24摄氏度下监测了白麝香葡萄孢对幼虫存活的影响，暴露时间为7天，然后在27摄氏度的清洁空气中孵化直至羽化。在较低温度下幼虫死亡率急剧降低，分别导致50.8%、76.8%和95.4%的死亡率。关于在不产生不可接受（对于块茎储存）水平的CO₂的情况下使用白麝香葡萄孢作为熏蒸剂，讨论了块茎储存条件，特别是冷却速率。
