Mercier Julien, Jiménez Jorge I
AgraQuest Inc., 1530 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
Can J Microbiol. 2007 Mar;53(3):404-10. doi: 10.1139/W06-124.
The possibility of using the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus for biofumigation against building molds was investigated. Several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium as well as fungi belonging to nine other genera were inhibited or killed in vitro by volatiles produced by potato dextrose agar or rye grain cultures of M. albus. Trichoderma viride was the only fungus that was not inhibited by M. albus volatiles. To test biofumigation as a preventative treatment against fungal colonization of building material, dry pieces of gypsum drywall were fumigated with grain cultures of M. albus in closed boxes. After a simulated water damage and incubation under saturated humidity for 2 weeks, untreated drywall developed natural fungal populations of about 10(5)-10(6) cfu/cm2, while drywall fumigated with M. albus culture (20 g/11 L) had nondetectable fungal populations. To test for curative ability, moist pieces of drywall heavily colonized with Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus niger, or Stachybotrys chartarum were fumigated for 48 h with grain cultures of M. albus. Cladosporium cladosporioides was eliminated within 48 h, while A. niger and S. chartarum were usually more resistant. However, a longer curative fumigation of 96 h was effective in reducing A. niger or naturally occurring mold populations by about 5 log values. The production of volatile organic compounds from 20 g of rye grain culture in 11 L containers was monitored by solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography. Concentrations of isobutyric acid, the most abundant volatile, increased gradually in the headspace until it reached 25 microg/L (m/v) within 96 h. The second and third most abundant compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol and isobutanol, peaked at about 10 and 5 microg/L (m/v), respectively, within the first 24 h and declined gradually afterwards.
研究了利用产挥发性物质的真菌白麝香霉进行生物熏蒸以防治建筑霉菌的可能性。白麝香霉在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂或黑麦谷物培养基上产生的挥发性物质，在体外对几种曲霉属和青霉属以及其他九个属的真菌具有抑制或杀灭作用。绿色木霉是唯一不受白麝香霉挥发性物质抑制的真菌。为了测试生物熏蒸作为一种预防建筑材料真菌定植的处理方法，将干燥的石膏板在密闭箱中用白麝香霉的谷物培养基进行熏蒸。在模拟水损害并在饱和湿度下培养2周后，未处理的石膏板形成了约10(5)-10(6) cfu/cm2的天然真菌群落，而用白麝香霉培养物（20 g/11 L）熏蒸的石膏板未检测到真菌群落。为了测试治疗能力，将大量被枝孢霉、黑曲霉或展青霉定植的潮湿石膏板用白麝香霉的谷物培养基熏蒸48小时。枝孢霉在48小时内被清除，而黑曲霉和展青霉通常更具抗性。然而，96小时的延长治疗熏蒸有效地将黑曲霉或自然存在的霉菌数量减少了约5个对数单位。通过固相微萃取和气相色谱法监测11 L容器中20 g黑麦谷物培养基产生的挥发性有机化合物。最丰富的挥发性物质异丁酸的浓度在顶空中逐渐增加，直到96小时内达到25 μg/L（m/v）。第二和第三丰富的化合物2-甲基-1-丁醇和异丁醇分别在最初24小时内达到约10和5 μg/L（m/v）的峰值，随后逐渐下降。
