Tegnander Agnar, Olsen Odd Egil, Moholdt Trine Tegdan, Engebretsen Lars, Bahr Roald
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Feb;16(2):194-8. doi: 10.1007/s00167-007-0403-z. Epub 2007 Sep 26.
Female soccer has become increasingly popular during the last two decades. According to the International Football Association (FIFA) there are approximately 40 million registered female soccer players in the world. Three studies in elite soccer have shown an injury incidence during games ranging from 12.6 to 23.3 injuries per 1,000 h. A very high incidence of ACL-injuries ranging from 0.31 to 2.2 per 1,000 game hours has also been shown. We followed the Norwegian female elite series during the 2001 season to estimate the incidence and characteristics of injuries. A total of 181 female soccer players on ten teams were followed during the 2001 elite season in Norway. We recorded baseline data, match and training exposure and injury data as type of injury, location and severity of injury. The mean age of the players was 23 years (range 17-34). A total of 189 injuries were recorded and 19 (10%) of these were overuse injuries; 89 (47%) occurred during games and 100 (53%) during training sessions. The incidence of acute injuries was 23.6 per 1,000 game hours and 3.1 per 1,000 training hours. The majority of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities (81%), but there were also a significant number of head injuries (6.3%). The most common injury type was ankle sprain (17.2%). Half of the injuries were minor, with training or game absence of less than 7 days. Midfielders sustained the most injuries (32.6%) with an incidence of 42.4 per 1,000 game hours. We recorded two ACL-injuries and two PCL-injuries during the season. They all occurred during games, and the incidence was therefore calculated to 0.6 per 1,000 game hours for both injury types. The incidences of injuries reported for female soccer varies considerably, with the highest numbers reported from Germany and the present study. These studies have also the highest incidence of minor injuries registered. The location of the injuries is quite similar compared to other reports, but the number of ankle sprains seems to be higher in our study, whereas the number of knee and thigh injuries is lower. There has been much attention to ACL injuries in team handball and hamstring injuries in soccer in Norway, and this could have influenced the team's pre-season training, resulting in a reduction in the incidence of these injury types. The high number of ankle injuries has to be addressed to see whether this is a result of inadequate rehabilitation routines leading to re-injuries, or other factors. The high number of ACL-injuries in these reports is alarming and needs special attention in the future.
在过去二十年中，女子足球越来越受欢迎。根据国际足球联合会（FIFA）的数据，全球约有4000万注册女子足球运动员。三项针对精英足球运动员的研究表明，比赛期间的受伤发生率为每1000小时12.6至23.3次受伤。每1000比赛小时的前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤发生率也很高，为0.31至2.2次。我们跟踪了2001赛季挪威女子精英联赛，以评估受伤的发生率和特征。2001年挪威精英赛季期间，对十支球队的181名女子足球运动员进行了跟踪。我们记录了基线数据、比赛和训练暴露情况以及受伤数据，包括损伤类型、损伤部位和严重程度。球员的平均年龄为23岁（范围17 - 34岁）。共记录了189起损伤，其中19起（10%）为过度使用损伤；89起（47%）发生在比赛期间，100起（53%）发生在训练期间。急性损伤的发生率为每1000比赛小时23.6次，每1000训练小时3.1次。大多数损伤发生在下肢（81%），但也有相当数量的头部损伤（6.3%）。最常见的损伤类型是脚踝扭伤（17.2%）。一半的损伤为轻伤，训练或比赛缺阵少于7天。中场球员受伤最多（32.6%），每1000比赛小时的发生率为42.4次。本赛季我们记录了两起ACL损伤和两起后交叉韧带（PCL）损伤。它们均发生在比赛期间，因此两种损伤类型的发生率均计算为每1000比赛小时0.6次。报道的女子足球损伤发生率差异很大，德国和本研究报告的数字最高。这些研究中记录的轻伤发生率也最高。与其他报告相比，损伤部位相当相似，但在我们的研究中脚踝扭伤的数量似乎更高，而膝盖和大腿损伤的数量更低。在挪威，团队手球中的ACL损伤和足球中的腘绳肌损伤受到了很多关注，这可能影响了球队的季前训练，导致这些损伤类型的发生率降低。脚踝损伤数量众多的问题必须加以解决，以确定这是康复程序不足导致再次受伤的结果，还是其他因素造成的。这些报告中ACL损伤数量之多令人担忧，未来需要特别关注。
