Bonomi Amy E, Anderson Melissa L, Rivara Frederick P, Thompson Robert S
Human Development & Family Science, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Sep;16(7):987-97. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2006.0239.
To examine health outcomes in women with exposure to physical intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual IPV or sexual and physical IPV and the added health burden of sexual IPV.
Randomly sampled insured women (2876) completed a telephone interview to assess lifetime exposure to physical IPV only, sexual IPV only, or physical and sexual IPV (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and mental, social, and physical health (Short Form-36, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, Presence of Symptoms surveys). The first analysis compared the health of women with physical IPV, sexual IPV, or both physical and sexual IPV with the health of women with no IPV exposure. The second compared the health of women with sexual IPV only or physical and sexual IPV with the health of women with physical IPV only.
Compared to never abused women, pronounced adverse health effects were observed for women with sexual IPV exposure (with or without physical IPV). SF-36 scores ranged from 4.28 to 6.22 points lower for women with sexual IPV, 4.95 to 5.81 points lower for women with physical and sexual IPV, and 2.41 to 2.87 points lower for women with physical IPV. Prevalence ratios (PR) for depressive and severe depressive symptoms were: sexual IPV (2.45 and 3.06), sexual and physical IPV (2.31 and 2.93), and physical IPV (1.64 and 1.90). Women with physical and sexual IPV had more symptoms, were more likely to report fair/poor health (PR 1.88), and had a lower SF-36 physical health score. In the second analysis, women with sexual IPV or physical and sexual IPV had lower SF-36 scores and increased depression (49%-61% and 41%-54% increase, respectively) compared with women with physical IPV only.
Adverse health effects were observed in women exposed to sexual IPV. These findings suggest the need for increased efforts to screen for sexual IPV in health settings and increased primary prevention efforts that address sexual violence using an ecological approach.
研究遭受身体亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）、性IPV或性与身体IPV的女性的健康状况，以及性IPV额外带来的健康负担。
随机抽取的参保女性（2876名）完成了一次电话访谈，以评估其一生中仅遭受身体IPV、仅遭受性IPV或遭受身体与性IPV的情况（行为危险因素监测系统），以及心理、社会和身体健康状况（简短健康调查问卷-36、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表、症状存在情况调查问卷）。首次分析比较了遭受身体IPV、性IPV或身体与性IPV的女性与未遭受IPV的女性的健康状况。第二次分析比较了仅遭受性IPV或身体与性IPV的女性与仅遭受身体IPV的女性的健康状况。
与从未遭受虐待的女性相比，遭受性IPV（无论是否遭受身体IPV）的女性出现了明显的不良健康影响。遭受性IPV的女性简短健康调查问卷-36得分低4.28至6.22分，遭受身体与性IPV的女性低4.95至5.81分，遭受身体IPV的女性低2.41至2.87分。抑郁和重度抑郁症状的患病率比（PR）分别为：性IPV（2.45和3.06）、身体与性IPV（2.31和2.93）、身体IPV（1.64和1.90）。遭受身体与性IPV的女性症状更多，更有可能报告健康状况一般/较差（PR 1.88），简短健康调查问卷-36身体健康得分更低。在第二次分析中，与仅遭受身体IPV的女性相比，遭受性IPV或身体与性IPV的女性简短健康调查问卷-36得分更低，抑郁程度增加（分别增加49%-61%和41%-54%）。
遭受性IPV的女性出现了不良健康影响。这些发现表明，需要加大在医疗机构中筛查性IPV的力度，并加强采用生态方法解决性暴力问题的一级预防工作。
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