Denson Thomas F, Marshall Grant N, Schell Terry L, Jaycox Lisa H
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Oct;75(5):683-92. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.683.
In this longitudinal study of 333 primarily male, Hispanic survivors of community violence, the authors investigated the effects of 4 categories of risk factors on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity: demographic characteristics, pretraumatic psychological factors, characteristics of the trauma, and reactions to the trauma. Replicating past research, exemplars from all 4 categories predicted PTSD symptom severity at 12-month follow-up. Acute symptom severity, measured approximately 5 days posttrauma, accounted for the largest proportion of variance among all the predictors included. No other predictors remained significant after 5-day distress was included in the model. These findings suggest that the effects of several purported risk factors for chronic posttraumatic distress may already be reflected in acute distress following trauma exposure. These results bear on current conceptions of the fundamental nature of PTSD and suggest that initial distress during the immediate aftermath of the trauma may be an important target for intervention.
在这项针对333名主要为男性的西班牙裔社区暴力幸存者的纵向研究中，作者调查了四类风险因素对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状严重程度的影响：人口统计学特征、创伤前心理因素、创伤特征以及对创伤的反应。重复过去的研究，所有这四类因素的范例都能预测12个月随访时的PTSD症状严重程度。创伤后约5天测量的急性症状严重程度在所有纳入的预测因素中占方差的最大比例。将5天的痛苦纳入模型后，没有其他预测因素仍然显著。这些发现表明，几种所谓的慢性创伤后痛苦风险因素的影响可能已经反映在创伤暴露后的急性痛苦中。这些结果关系到当前对PTSD基本性质的概念理解，并表明创伤后立即出现的初始痛苦可能是干预的重要目标。
