Margolin Gayla, Vickerman Katrina A, Ramos Michelle C, Serrano Sarah Duman, Gordis Elana B, Iturralde Esti, Oliver Pamella H, Spies Lauren A
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2009 Mar;12(1):39-54. doi: 10.1007/s10567-009-0040-9.
With considerable literature establishing how separate types of violence disrupt the lives of children, there is emerging interest in examining violence across multiple interpersonal domains. This article examines four commonly occurring and frequently researched domains of violence exposure: marital physical aggression, mother-to-youth aggression, father-to-youth aggression, and community violence. A community-based sample of 103 parents and youth provided three waves of data at annual intervals beginning when the youth were aged 9-10. We explored stability of exposure, co-occurrence across different types of violence exposure, and associations with co-occurring risk factors. Approximately 30-45% of youth reported intermittent exposure over the 3 years. In addition to overlap among types of violence exposure within the family, we found overlap between parent-to-youth aggression and community violence, an association that was exacerbated in families where fathers reported high levels of global distress symptoms. Mother-to-youth, father-to-youth, and community violence related to youth behavior problems beyond the contextual risk factors of low income, stressful life events, and parents' global distress symptoms. These results highlight the importance of examining violence longitudinally, across multiple types, and with attention to contextual factors.
有大量文献阐述了不同类型的暴力如何扰乱儿童的生活，目前人们越来越关注对多个人际领域的暴力行为进行研究。本文考察了暴力暴露的四个常见且经常被研究的领域：婚姻中的身体攻击、母亲对青少年的攻击、父亲对青少年的攻击以及社区暴力。一个基于社区的由103名家长和青少年组成的样本，从青少年9至10岁开始，每年提供三轮数据。我们探讨了暴力暴露的稳定性、不同类型暴力暴露的同时发生情况以及与同时出现的风险因素之间的关联。大约30%至45%的青少年报告在三年间有间歇性的暴力暴露经历。除了家庭内部不同类型暴力暴露之间存在重叠外，我们还发现父母对青少年的攻击与社区暴力之间存在重叠，在父亲报告有高水平总体困扰症状的家庭中，这种关联更为明显。母亲对青少年的攻击、父亲对青少年的攻击以及社区暴力与青少年行为问题相关，这些问题超出了低收入、压力性生活事件和父母总体困扰症状等背景风险因素的影响。这些结果凸显了纵向研究暴力行为、考察多种类型暴力行为并关注背景因素的重要性。
