Wilson Robert S, Schneider Julie A, Arnold Steven E, Bienias Julia L, Bennett David A
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;64(10):1204-12. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1204.
The personality trait of conscientiousness has been related to morbidity and mortality in old age, but its association with the development of Alzheimer disease is not known.
To test the hypothesis that a higher level of conscientiousness is associated with decreased risk of Alzheimer disease.
Longitudinal clinicopathologic cohort study with up to 12 years of annual follow-up.
The Religious Orders Study.
A total of 997 older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers without dementia at enrollment, recruited from more than 40 groups across the United States. At baseline, they completed a standard 12-item measure of conscientiousness. Those who died underwent a uniform neuropathologic evaluation from which previously established measures of amyloid burden, tangle density, Lewy bodies, and chronic cerebral infarction were derived.
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and change in previously established measures of global cognition and specific cognitive functions.
Conscientiousness scores ranged from 11 to 47 (mean, 34.0; SD, 5.0). During follow-up, 176 people developed Alzheimer disease. In a proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age, sex, and education, a high conscientiousness score (90th percentile) was associated with an 89% reduction in risk of Alzheimer disease compared with a low score (10th percentile). Results were not substantially changed by controlling for other personality traits, activity patterns, vascular conditions, or other risk factors. Conscientiousness was also associated with decreased incidence of mild cognitive impairment and reduced cognitive decline. In those who died and underwent brain autopsy, conscientiousness was unrelated to neuropathologic measures, but it modified the association of neurofibrillary pathologic changes and cerebral infarction with cognition proximate to death.
Level of conscientiousness is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease.
尽责性这一个性特质与老年人的发病率和死亡率相关，但其与阿尔茨海默病发生的关联尚不清楚。
检验较高水平的尽责性与降低阿尔茨海默病风险相关这一假设。
长达12年每年随访一次的纵向临床病理队列研究。
宗教团体研究。
从美国40多个团体招募的997名年龄较大的天主教修女、神父和修士，入组时无痴呆。在基线时，他们完成了一项标准的12项尽责性测量。死亡者接受了统一的神经病理学评估，从中得出先前确定的淀粉样蛋白负荷、缠结密度、路易体和慢性脑梗死测量值。
阿尔茨海默病的临床诊断以及先前确定的整体认知和特定认知功能测量值的变化。
尽责性得分范围为11至47（均值34.0；标准差5.0）。随访期间，176人患上阿尔茨海默病。在根据年龄、性别和教育程度调整的比例风险回归模型中，与低分（第10百分位数）相比，高尽责性得分（第90百分位数）与阿尔茨海默病风险降低89%相关。控制其他个性特质、活动模式、血管状况或其他风险因素后，结果无实质性变化。尽责性还与轻度认知障碍发病率降低和认知衰退减轻相关。在死亡并接受脑尸检的人中，尽责性与神经病理学测量值无关，但它改变了神经原纤维病理变化和脑梗死与临近死亡时认知的关联。
尽责性水平是阿尔茨海默病的一个风险因素。
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