[青少年时期的欺凌行为、心理社会健康与风险行为]

Richter M, Bowles D, Melzer W, Hurrelmann K

Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld.

Gesundheitswesen. 2007 Aug-Sep;69(8-9):475-82. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-985876.

BACKGROUND

Bullying as a subform of aggressive behaviour has not received much attention as a specific risk behaviour in adolescence. Especially the adverse health effects in relation to bullying have been barely discussed in Germany. The objective of this study is to present age- and gender-specific prevalences in bullying and to analyse the association between the different bullying roles and subjective health as well as risk behaviour.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the German part of the international WHO collaborative study "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)" in 2002. Overall, 5,650 school children aged 11-15 years were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between bullying, psychosocial health and risk behaviour separately for girls and boys.

RESULTS

About 17% of the boys and 10% of the girls aged 11-15 years were classified as repeated bullying perpetrators. About 10% of the school children are victims of being bullied several times a month. Another 3-5% of the adolescents belonged to the group of simultaneous victims and perpetrators (bully-victims). Perpetrators as well as victims showed strong associations with psychosocial health and risk behaviour. Independently of gender, victims were significantly more likely to report repeated psychosomatic complaints, adverse mental health and negative self-reported health (boys only), than uninvolved students. Especially for male perpetrators, strong associations with regular tobacco and alcohol use and repeated drunkenness were found, while these behaviour types were significantly less prevalent among victims. The bully-victim group is characterised by high rates of psychosomatic complaints and mental health problems (boys only).

CONCLUSIONS

Bullying also seems to be widespread in schools in Germany and is strongly associated with subjective health and substance-related risk behaviour. The results suggest that bullying is a critical issue that requires increasing attention in health research. The unique health problems of victims and perpetrators suggest different intervention strategies for both groups.

背景

欺凌作为攻击行为的一种子形式，在青少年中作为一种特定的风险行为尚未受到太多关注。尤其是在德国，与欺凌相关的不良健康影响几乎未被讨论过。本研究的目的是呈现欺凌行为在不同年龄和性别的患病率，并分析不同欺凌角色与主观健康以及风险行为之间的关联。

方法

数据来自2002年国际世卫组织合作研究“学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）”的德国部分。总体而言，对5650名11至15岁的在校儿童进行了标准化问卷调查。采用多变量逻辑回归模型分别分析男孩和女孩中欺凌、心理社会健康与风险行为之间的关联。

结果

11至15岁的男孩中约17%以及女孩中约10%被归类为反复欺凌者。约10%的在校儿童是每月多次遭受欺凌的受害者。另外3%至5%的青少年属于同时是受害者和欺凌者的群体（欺凌受害者）。欺凌者和受害者都与心理社会健康和风险行为有很强的关联。无论性别如何，与未参与的学生相比，受害者更有可能报告反复出现的心身症状、不良心理健康状况以及负面的自我报告健康状况（仅男孩）。特别是对于男性欺凌者，发现与经常吸烟、饮酒以及反复醉酒有很强的关联，而这些行为类型在受害者中明显较少见。欺凌受害者群体的特点是心身症状和心理健康问题发生率高（仅男孩）。