Gilbert Jeffrey M, White David G, McDermott Patrick F
Center for Veterinary Medicine, US FDA, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation 7500 Standish Place Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
Future Microbiol. 2007 Oct;2(5):493-500. doi: 10.2217/17460913.2.5.493.
The use of antimicrobial agents in food animals can select for resistant bacterial pathogens that may be transmitted to humans via the commercial meat supply. In the USA, the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine regulatory duties require a determination that antimicrobial drugs are safe and effective for use in food animals. In addition, a qualitative assessment of risks to human health from antimicrobial resistance requires development. This risk assessment process is supported by data generated by the FDA's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for enteric bacteria. NARMS data on antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus is collected. Research activities defining the genetic bases of resistance helps to understand the potential public health risks posed by the spread of antimicrobial resistance from food animal antimicrobial use. These activities help insure that antimicrobials are used judiciously to promote human and animal health.
在食用动物中使用抗菌剂会筛选出具有抗药性的细菌病原体，这些病原体可能通过商业肉类供应传播给人类。在美国，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）兽药中心的监管职责要求确定抗菌药物在食用动物中的使用是安全有效的。此外，还需要开展对抗菌药物耐药性给人类健康造成风险的定性评估。FDA的肠道细菌国家抗菌药物耐药性监测系统（NARMS）所产生的数据为这一风险评估过程提供了支持。收集了有关沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌、大肠杆菌和肠球菌对抗菌药物敏感性的NARMS数据。确定耐药性基因基础的研究活动有助于了解食用动物使用抗菌剂导致抗菌药物耐药性传播所带来的潜在公共卫生风险。这些活动有助于确保抗菌剂的合理使用，以促进人类和动物健康。
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