Luo Chewe, Akwara Priscilla, Ngongo Ngashi, Doughty Patricia, Gass Robert, Ekpini Rene, Crowley Siobhan, Hayashi Chika
HIV and Health, Health Section, Programme Division United Nations Children Fund, New York, NY, USA.
Reprod Health Matters. 2007 Nov;15(30):179-89. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(07)30327-3.
A growing number of countries are moving to scale up interventions for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in maternal and child health services. Similarly, many are working to improve access to paediatric HIV treatment. This paper reviews national programme data for 2004-2005 from low- and middle-income countries to track progress in these programmes. The attainment of the UNGASS target of reducing HIV infections by 50% by 2010 necessitates that 80% of all pregnant women accessing antenatal care receive PMTCT services. In 2005, only seven of the 71 countries were on track to meet this target. However PMTCT coverage increased from 7% in 2004 (58 countries) to 11% in 2005 (71 countries). In 2005, 8% of all infants born to HIV positive mothers received antiretroviral prophylaxis for PMTCT, up from 5% in 2004, though only 4% received cotrimoxazole. 11% of HIV positive children in need received antiretroviral treatment in 2005. In 31 countries that had data, 28% of women who received an antiretroviral for PMTCT also reported receiving antiretroviral treatment for their own health. Achieving the UNGASS target is possible but will require substantial investments and commitment to strengthen maternal and child health services, the health workforce and health systems to move from pilot projects to a decentralised, integrated approach.
越来越多的国家正在采取行动，在母婴保健服务中扩大预防母婴传播艾滋病毒（PMTCT）的干预措施。同样，许多国家也在努力改善儿童艾滋病毒治疗的可及性。本文回顾了低收入和中等收入国家2004 - 2005年的国家项目数据，以追踪这些项目的进展情况。要实现联大特别会议提出的到2010年将艾滋病毒感染率降低50%的目标，就需要80%接受产前护理的孕妇获得预防母婴传播服务。2005年，71个国家中只有7个有望实现这一目标。然而，预防母婴传播的覆盖率从2004年的7%（58个国家）提高到了2005年的11%（71个国家）。2005年，感染艾滋病毒的母亲所生的所有婴儿中，有8%接受了预防母婴传播的抗逆转录病毒药物预防，高于2004年的5%，不过只有4%接受了复方新诺明预防。2005年，11%有需要的艾滋病毒阳性儿童接受了抗逆转录病毒治疗。在有数据的31个国家中，28%接受预防母婴传播抗逆转录病毒药物治疗的妇女还报告称接受了用于自身健康的抗逆转录病毒治疗。实现联大特别会议的目标是有可能的，但需要大量投资并作出承诺，以加强母婴保健服务、卫生人力和卫生系统，从试点项目转向分散的综合方法。
