Schatz Jeffrey, Roberts Carla W
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29205, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 Nov;13(6):933-43. doi: 10.1017/S1355617707071196.
The physical effects of sickle cell disease (SCD) begin in infancy or early childhood, yet most behavioral studies have focused on school-age children. We evaluated the impact of higher versus lower neurologic risk on language, motor abilities, executive functions, and temperament in toddlers and early preschoolers with SCD. Thirty-nine children with higher risk SCD were compared to 22 children with lower risk SCD. Language and motor abilities were lower in older compared with younger children but were unrelated to sickle cell subgroups. Executive functions, particularly working memory, were poorer in children with higher risk SCD regardless of age. Parent-reported activity level was also lower in children with higher risk. Specific behavioral influences of SCD are evident early in childhood and include working memory decrements. Executive function deficits in SCD can emerge early in life and may be an important context for other areas of cognitive and behavioral development.
镰状细胞病（SCD）的身体影响始于婴儿期或幼儿期，但大多数行为研究都集中在学龄儿童身上。我们评估了高神经风险与低神经风险对患有SCD的幼儿和学龄前儿童的语言、运动能力、执行功能和气质的影响。将39名高风险SCD儿童与22名低风险SCD儿童进行了比较。与年幼儿童相比，年龄较大儿童的语言和运动能力较低，但与镰状细胞亚组无关。无论年龄大小，高风险SCD儿童的执行功能，尤其是工作记忆，都较差。家长报告的高风险儿童的活动水平也较低。SCD的特定行为影响在儿童早期就很明显，包括工作记忆减退。SCD的执行功能缺陷可能在生命早期出现，并且可能是认知和行为发展其他领域的重要背景。
